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Guzek, M.; Jackowski, J.; Jurecki, R.S.; Szumska, E.M.; Zdanowicz, P.; Żmuda, M. Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 2—Infrastructure and Road Safety. Energies 2024, 17, 495. https://doi /10.3390/en17020495
Guzek M, Jackowski J, Jurecki RS, Szumska EM, Zdanowicz P, Żmuda M. Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 2—Infrastructure and Road Safety. Energies. 2024; 17(2):495. https://doi /10.3390/en17020495
Guzek, Marek, Jerzy Jackowski, Rafał S. Jurecki, Emilia M. Szumska, Piotr Zdanowicz, and Marcin Żmuda. 2024. "Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 2—Infrastructure and Road Safety" Energies 17, no. 2: 495. https://doi /10.3390/en17020495
Guzek, M., Jackowski, J., Jurecki, R. S., Szumska, E. M., Zdanowicz, P., & Żmuda, M. (2024). Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 2—Infrastructure and Road Safety. Energies, 17(2), 495. https://doi /10.3390/en17020495
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Electromobility is one of several strategic directions for Poland’s economic development in the near term. On March 16, 2017, the Polish government adopted the Electromobility Development Plan, which set goals and directions for action in this area until 2025.
The energy composition of transport fuels, shaped through history, is a major challenge for both the Polish power industry and it''s transport sector. In time, it will also increasingly burden Polish cities, where noise and pollution are already a significant discomfort for inhabitants. From this perspective, electromobility is a strategic choice that will not only reduce dependence on energy imports, but also has the chance to become a source of competitive advantage for the Polish economy.
The emerging market’s potential is best illustrated by a forecast indicating that around 500 million electric vehicles (out of 2 billion vehicles in total) will be driving on the world''s roads in 2040. As a consequence, we can expect the sales of electric vehicles to grow rapidly — today about 500,000 units are sold each year, while in 2040 it could even reach 41 million units.[1] The expected market growth exceeds the production potential of today’s electric car manufacturers many times over.
In the present circumstances, it’s difficult to imagine the appearance of a mass-production car company based on the traditional combustion engine. The examples of Tesla, Google and Apple show that in the case of electric vehicles, the barriers to entry are considerably smaller. This applies not only to the construction of entire vehicles, but also to individual components. At the same time, it is a good opportunity for countries like Poland, which have not accumulated enough capital to compete in the traditional vehicle market.
For this reason, one of the objectives of the Electromobility Development Plan is the advancement of the electromobility industry, which can be realized both through an appropriate proportion of electric vehicles produced in Poland out of the total number of vehicles and by a suitable degree of saturation of vehicles registered in Poland with Polish components.
Already today, a few Polish companies that bet on electromobility some years ago remain the European market leader in their segments. Solaris is a brand of electric buses not only recognized in Europe but globally. Many companies that have contributed to Solaris’s success by providing the charging infrastructure or components for the production of electric buses offer their own products independently on the European market today. What can be done for these companies to continue to grow? What can be done to add new ones?
Government activities are currently focused on two areas: the creation of future demand and targeting financing towards research in the field of electric vehicles and associated infrastructure. In April, the Ministry of Energy presented a draft law on electromobility, which comprehensively regulates the situation of consumers and manufacturers of electric vehicles. After the entry into law of the act:
The bill is a result of the annual cooperation of the Ministry of Energy with companies and its analysis of the experiences of other countries. The electromobility act will be a constitution for market development — eliminating identified barriers and creating new advantages.
An important aspect of the adoption of the law will be the creation of sufficient demand for electric vehicles. In addition to incentives for businesses and individuals, the electromobility act introduces incentives for local and central administrations to switch to electric transport. We’ve proposed that by 2025, 50% of cars used by the central administration be powered by electricity.
I am convinced that the law will not only contribute to industry development, but will also lead to a significant increase in the number of electric vehicles on the roads, which is also a goal of the Electromobility Development Plan (1 million electric vehicles by 2025).
Innovative Approach to R & D
The biggest challenge, but at the same time the program’s biggest opportunity, is to create a new industry. This will not be possible without concentrating R & D resources, which have the chance to play the role of a springboard for good ideas in electromobility.
As part of the implementation of the Electromobility Development Plan, the first dedicated financial support instruments for both companies and local government units have been launched. The Ministry of Energy is working on the establishment of a Low-Emission Transport Fund, which will generate nearly 5 billion PLN ($1.3 billion) to support the construction of infrastructure, vehicle purchases and electric vehicle manufacturers. The National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management is also working on a dedicated program.
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