The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer occurs when thermal energy moves from one place to another. Atoms and molecules inherently have kinetic and thermal energy, so all matter participates in heat transfer. Contact online >>
The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer occurs when thermal energy moves from one place to another. Atoms and molecules inherently have kinetic and thermal energy, so all matter participates in heat transfer.
When the temperature rises, the molecules become agitated and collide faster, resulting in thermal energy. The hotter the substance, the faster the molecules travel and the higher the thermal energy. On the other hand, the molecules slow down and lower the thermal energy when the temperature is reduced.
Heat is the energy an object has because of the movement of its atoms and molecules which are continuously jiggling and moving around, hitting each other and other objects. When we add energy to an object, its atoms and molecules move faster increasing its energy of motion or heat.
Heat energy is the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases. Heat energy can be transferred from one object to another. The transfer or flow due to the difference in temperature between the two objects is called heat. For example, an ice cube has heat energy and so does a glass of
Matter consists of atoms, molecules, and electrons that constantly vibrate and move. Thermal energy is the energy due to the motion of atoms and molecules in a substance. It accounts for translational, vibrational, and rotational motion. Since it involves the random movement of molecules, thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy. It can explain how matter transforms from one state to another.
English physicist and mathematician James Prescott Joule discovered thermal energy in 1847.
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules. When the temperature rises, the molecules become agitated and collide faster, resulting in thermal energy. The hotter the substance, the faster the molecules travel and the higher the thermal energy. On the other hand, the molecules slow down and lower the thermal energy when the temperature is reduced.
Another word for thermal energy is heat energy, which is not to be confused with heat. There is a difference between thermal energy and heat. While thermal energy refers to the motion of particles in a substance, heat refers to the flow of thermal energy. It happens when there is a temperature gradient in the substance. Heat flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. Unlike thermal energy, heat is not a property of the substance.
1. Conduction: A process through which thermal energy is transferred between two molecules in contact. The transfer occurs when molecules strike one another, resulting in collisions. Conduction takes place in solid, liquid, and gas. For example, when we heat one end of a metal rod, thermal energy quickly transfers to the other end.
2. Convection: It occurs when thermal energy is transferred through a medium like liquid or gas. Molecules carry the energy from a hot region to a cold region. For example, when we boil water in a pan, the molecules at the bottom get heated first and carry the energy to the top.
3. Radiation: It is the process by which energy is transferred without contact between the molecules. No medium is necessary for the energy to travel as electromagnetic waves carry it. An example of radiation is sunlight, which is essential for all living beings on Earth. The energy received from the sun is known as solar thermal energy. It is renewable.
Here are some examples where thermal energy is emitted or transferred in everyday life.
Conversion of Chemical Energy into Thermal Energy
Conversion of Electrical Energy into Thermal Energy
An example of a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy is a thermoelectric generator.
Consider a man pushing a box, which is in contact with the floor. As a result, there will be friction between the box and the floor. The man applies force and displaces the box over a specific distance. The floor exerts a friction force on the box such that it is equal to the applied force. The box moves with a constant velocity as there is no net force. The work done by the man in displacing the box is given by
F: Applied force
d : Displacement of the box
f : Friction force
From the law of conservation of energy, work done by the man is converted into thermal energy. Heat is generated in the region between the box and the floor, which increases the temperature. The equation can be written as follows.
ΔET : Change in thermal energy
μK : Coefficient of kinetic friction
FN : Normal force
m : Mass of the box
g : Acceleration due to gravity
The example above shows how mechanical energy (man pushing a box) can be converted into thermal energy. It is also possible to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy by using a heat engine.
Article was last reviewed on Friday, October 18, 2024
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