SAE J1772,IEC 62196-2 Type 1 J plug, ,SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler。… Contact online >>
SAE J1772,IEC 62196-2 Type 1 J plug,,,SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler。
This page describes SAE J1772 plug used as connector in Electric Vehicle (EV) charging.SAE J1772 Plug pin diagram and J1772 Signaling Circuit are also covered.
Introduction:SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J1772 is conductive charge coupler. It is used as single phase AC charger connector for electric vehicles.
On EV (Electric Vehicle) side, US and Japan have converged to J1772 plug. This EV plug is used by automakers such as GM, Ford, Honda, Mitsibishi,Chrysler,Tesla, Toyota, Renault-Nissan etc.
There are two EV side connectors viz. type-1 and type-2. ➨Type-1 connector (i.e. J1772): It consists of 5 pins. It has charging voltage upto 250V and charging current upto 32 A.Hence AC charging power upto 7 KW can be possible. ➨Type-2 connector: Initially proposed by Mennekes. It supports single phase charging and three phase charging withcharging voltage upto 500V and charging current upto 63A. Three phase 400 V charging at 32 A represents charging power of 22 KW.
Figure-2 depicts J1772 Signaling Circuit.
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SAE J1772, also known as a J plug or Type 1 connector after its international standard, IEC 62196 Type 1, is a North American standard for electrical connectors for electric vehicles maintained by SAE International under the formal title "SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler".[1]
The SAE maintains the general physical, electrical, communication protocol, and performance requirements for the electric vehicle conductive charge system and coupler. The intent is to define a common electric vehicle conductive charging system architecture including operational requirements and the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet and mating connector.
The J1772 5-pin standard supports a wide range of single-phase (1φ) alternating current (AC) charging rates. They range from portable devices that can connect to a household NEMA 5-15 outlet that can deliver 1.44 kW (12 A @ 120 V) to hardwired equipment that can deliver up to 19.2 kW (80 A @ 240 V).[2] These connectors are sometimes informally referred to as chargers, but they are "electric vehicle supply equipment" (EVSE), since they only supply AC power to the vehicle''s on-board charger, which then converts it to the direct current (DC) needed to recharge the battery.
The Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo 1 connector builds on the standard, adding two additional pins for DC fast charging up to 350 kW.
CARB would later ask for higher current delivery than the 6.6 kW that the 2001 J1772 (Avcon) standard supported. This process led to the proposal of a new round connector design by Yazaki which allowed for an increased power delivery of up to 19.2 kW delivered via single phase 120–240 V AC at up to 80 amps. In 2008, CARB published a new standard that mandated the usage of the new connector beginning with the 2010 model year;[7] this was approved in 2012.[8]
The Yazaki plug that was built to the new SAE J1772 plug standard successfully completed certification at UL. The standard specification was subsequently voted upon by the SAE committee in July 2009.[9] On January 14, 2010, the SAE J1772 REV 2009 was adopted by the SAE Motor Vehicle Council.[10] The companies participating in or supporting the revised 2009 standard include smart, Chrysler, GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Rivian, and Tesla.
The SAE J1772-2009 connector specification was subsequently added to the international IEC 62196-2 standard ("Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories") with voting on the final specification slated to close in May 2011.[11][needs update] The SAE J1772 connector is considered a "Type 1" implementation providing a single phase coupler.[12]
The SAE J1772-2009 was adopted by electric vehicle manufacturers in the Chevrolet Volt and the Nissan Leaf. The connector became standard equipment in the U.S. market due to the availability of charging stations supporting it in the nation''s electric vehicle network (helped by funding such as the ChargePoint America program drawing grants from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act).[13][14]
In Europe, the combo coupler is based on the Type 2 (VDE) AC charging connector (Combo 2) maintaining full compatibility with the SAE specification for DC charging and the HomePlug Green PHY PLC protocol.[18] In 2019 Tesla introduced the Model 3 with a CCS Combo 2 plug in Europe, but has not introduced models with CCS in the US. With the introduction of the Model 3 in Europe, Tesla added CCS charging cables to V2 Superchargers (supporting both CCS Combo 2 and Tesla DC Type 2). European V3 Tesla Superchargers include only a CCS charging cable.[citation needed]
The J1772-2009 connector is designed for single phase alternating current electrical systems with 120 V or 240 V such as those used in North America and Japan. The round 43-millimetre (1.7 in) diameter connector is keyed and has five pins (viewed from outside of the plug):[19]
The connector is designed to withstand 10,000 mating cycles (a connection and a disconnection) and exposure to the elements. With 1 mating cycle per day, the connector''s lifespan should exceed 27 years.[22]
The SAE J1772 or Type 1 plug is locked into the car with a hook that is manually operated, mostly by pressing a button with the thumb, which interrupts power. This allows anybody to stop charging and even theft of the cable. To prevent this, the European IEC 62196 Type 2 connector has openings on the side for automatic locking and release, operated by the car owner via remote control. If the car locks or releases its plug, the charger will follow suit according to the PP signal.
In addition, the charge port on many modern cars with a J1772 connector have an extendable pin that blocks the J1772 latch from being raised. By making extending this pin, it becomes impossible to raise the release latch. In this way, the vehicle can prevent a plugged-in J1772 connector from being removed. This is essential for the CCS implementation where the connector is not designed to break the heavy DC charging current.
The SAE J1772-2017 standard defines four levels of charging: AC Level 1, AC Level 2, DC Level 1, and DC Level 2.[23] Earlier released revisions of J1772 also listed a never-implemented AC Level 3, which was considered but never implemented.
For example, the 2020 Chevrolet Bolt has a 66-kWh lithium-ion battery and a 7.2-kW onboard charging module; with an EPA range of 259 miles (417 km) and energy efficiency of 118 mpg‑e (29 kW⋅h/100 mi; 17.7 kW⋅h/100 km),[25] it can use its portable charge cord to charge at AC Level 1 (120 V, 12 A) to get up to 4 mi (6.4 km) of range per hour or go off an AC Level 2 charging unit (240 V, 32 A) to get up to 25 mi (40 km) of range per hour. Using an optional DC fast charging (DCFC) port, this model can also charge at up to 55 kW to get up to 90 mi (140 km) of range per half hour.
Other EVs utilizing an 800v battery architecture (such as those on Hyundai''s E-GMP platform) can charge much faster. According to Hyundai, "With a 350 kW DC charger, IONIQ 5 can charge from 10 percent to 80 percent in just 18 minutes. According to WLTP cycle, IONIQ 5 users only need to charge the vehicle for five minutes to get 100 km of range."[26] These vehicles are capable of accepting up to 230kW until about 50% State of charge, allowing these vehicles to recharge much quicker than similar EVs with lower voltage batteries.
Some EVs have extended J1772 to allow AC Level 1 (120 V) charging at greater than 16 amps. This is useful, for example, at RV parks where TT-30 ("Travel Trailer" - 120 V, 30 A) receptacles are common. These allow charging at up to 24 amps. However, this level of 120 V charging has not been codified into J1772.
Another extension, supported by the North American Charging System, is Level 2 charging at 277 V. Like 208 V, 277 V is commonly found in North American commercial three-phase circuits.
The J1772 standard includes several levels of shock protection, ensuring the safety of charging even in wet conditions. Physically, the connection pins are isolated on the interior of the connector when mated, ensuring no physical access to those pins. When not mated, J1772 connectors have no power at the pins;[27] they are not energized until commanded by the vehicle.[28]
The proximity detection pin is connected to a switch in the connector release button. Pressing the release button causes the vehicle to stop drawing current. As the connector is removed, the shorter control pilot pin disconnects first, causing the EVSE to drop power to the plug. This also ensures that the power pins will not be disconnected under load, causing arcs and shortening their life. The ground pin is longer than the other pins, so it breaks last.
The signaling protocol has been designed for the following charging sequence.[28]
The technical specification was described first in the 2001 version of SAE J1772 and subsequently the IEC 61851-1 and IEC TS 62763:2013. The charging station puts 12 V on the Control Pilot (CP) and the Proximity Pilot (AKA Plug Present: PP) measuring the voltage differences. This protocol does not require integrated circuits, which would be required for other charging protocols, making the SAE J1772 robust and operable through a temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C.
For IEC62196-2 male plugs the Control Pilot pin is made shorter to prevent untethered cables being used as "extension leads", This prevents the use of downstream cables that may have a lower current capability being connected to a cable of a higher current rating.
Control Pilot (Current limit): The charging station can use the wave signal to describe the maximum current that is available via the charging station with the help of pulse-width modulation: a 16% PWM is a 10 A maximum, a 25% PWM is a 16 A maximum, a 50% PWM is a 32 A maximum and a 90% PWM flags a fast charge option.[30]
The proximity pin, PP (also known as plug present), as shown in the SAE J1772 example pinout, describes the switch, S3, as being mechanically linked to the connector latch release actuator. During charging, the EVSE side connects the PP–PE loop via S3 and a 150 Ω R6; when opening the release actuator a 330 Ω R7 is added in the PP–PE loop on the EVSE side which gives a voltage shift on the line to allow the electric vehicle to initiate a controlled shut off prior to actual disconnection of the charge power pins. However, many low-power adapter cables do not offer that locking actuator state detection on the PP pin.
Under IEC 62196 the Proximity Pin is also used to indicate the cable capacity – this is relevant for non-tethered EVSEs.
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