(EB) is an independent Syrian media organization that was founded in 2011. EB offers 24-hour news coverage through its multilingual interactive websites, and it publishes a weekly newspaper that covers Syrian political, social. Contact online >>
(EB) is an independent Syrian media organization that was founded in 2011. EB offers 24-hour news coverage through its multilingual interactive websites, and it publishes a weekly newspaper that covers Syrian political, social.
Jana al-Issa | Hassan Ibrahim | Muhammed Fansa | Khaled al-Jeratli
The acts of war and the damage to infrastructure over a period of a decade have given way to searching for alternative options to those that have become clear with time that there is no hope of returning them to the way they were, in light of the absence of electricity and its poor access to various regions in Syria, after years of the start of the Syrian revolution in 2011.
The most important indications of impotence came when the president of the Syrian regime, Bashar al-Assad, admitted in his last interview with the Russian RT channel, on 9 June, during his response to a question related to the "deterioration of living conditions" of the Syrian citizen, considering that "the main obstacle is electricity," promising that conditions would improve, but added, "We should not get our hopes up."
The absence of electricity had a clear impact on the various sectors of production, amid the lack of alternatives to generate electricity for people and institutions as a result of material costs or the inability to rely on alternative energies as a source of electricity in Syria, according to its geographical location and the nature of its climate.
As an option that seemed to be one of the best alternative energy sources in Syria, reinforced by the absence of fuel, the spread of solar panels began in most regions, respectively, years ago, amid "government" support and adoption of this trend.
The use of solar energy spreads from northwestern Syria, which started relying on solar power around 2016, passing through areas in the north-east, ending with the areas under the control of the Syrian regime, which directed a clear trend to generate electricity through them, not only in large industrial facilities but even in homes.
In this lengthy article, Enab Baladi discusses the reasons that prompted the residents of Syria to rely on alternative energies to use electricity and the extent to which they are willing to do so, despite the many difficulties they may face as a result.
It also sheds light, by talking with experts and specialists, on the far future of the possibility of Syria''s dependence on alternative energies to secure electricity in terms of its geographical location and the technologies that are able to secure it economically, in addition to the obstacles that prevent this.
The frequent rise in fuel prices and the difficulty of obtaining it at times, with the different areas of influence and control over the Syrian territory, and the continuous power cuts with the increase in the number of rationing hours have pushed Syrians to search for alternatives to secure electricity as one of the basics of daily life.
Amid the inability of the de facto governments in the various areas of control to solve the electricity problem, alternative energy generated through solar panels seemed a possible option to solve the problem, but this option collides with high costs beyond the ability of citizens with limited income, amid economic and living crises that they mainly suffer.
According to an opinion poll conducted by Enab Baladi, a number of Syrians residing in various governorates considered that alternative energy through solar panels is a better option than losing electricity despite its high costs and regardless of the controlling parties.
Residents of regime-controlled areas confirmed that the frequent and continuous power cuts prompted them to search for alternative solutions, but the high fuel prices made solar panels a suitable alternative, despite the high prices for their installation, as the price of a liter of diesel reaches about 4,500 Syrian pounds, and the price of a liter of gasoline is reduced to about 6000 pounds on the black market, the opinion poll shows.
Enab Baladi''s correspondent in Daraa governorate confirmed that the southern region witnessed a great demand for the use of solar energy by farmers, especially with the aim of operating wells and securing agricultural requirements.
In addition to some workers in the trade field, who resorted to installing solar panels instead of operating diesel generators to provide cooling or even to operate some small workshops such as sewing shops or food stores.
Farmers in Daraa consider that the solar panels have a relatively high financial cost, but they are paid once, and therefore they are cheaper than working with electricity generators that depend on fuel.
Regime-controlled areas have suffered from severe electricity rationing during the past two years, amounting to about five and a half hours of power outages compared to half an hour of power.
The areas under the control of the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), which include Idlib city and part of the western countryside of Aleppo, Latakia countryside, and al-Ghab Plain, northwest of Hama, witnessed a decline in the return of electricity starting in 2011, and things gradually deteriorated, until the electricity supply stopped at the end of 2015. As well as the destruction of the infrastructure of the energy sector.
Many residents in the SSG''s areas resorted to using solar energy panels, despite their high cost, due to the high costs of obtaining electricity, whether from generator owners who delivered subscriptions to the people or from electricity companies operating in the area, which became active after the region went out of the control of the Syrian regime, in addition to the frequent power cuttings.
According to what the technical expert in the work of solar panels, Abdulnasser Diab, told Enab Baladi, solar energy has become an alternative solution and one of the basics of life and livelihood for the population in Idlib. Reliance on solar panels is not limited to a specific group or segment of people, such as industrialists and dealers in this region.
The technician says that despite the high installation cost, it is paid once, and therefore it is cheaper in the long run than relying on fuel, whose price increases more than once per month, so it has become a requirement to deliver electricity even to homes.
With somewhat greater use by industrialists and traders of the panels, some farmers in these areas also depend on the use of solar panels in the process of extracting water from wells and irrigating their crops due to the high prices of diesel and its lack of permanent availability, and it''s being less expensive compared to fuel prices.
The Watad Petroleum Company, which operates in the areas of influence of the Salvation government in northwestern Syria, raised on 31 May the prices of fuels and oil derivatives to unprecedented levels in Idlib governorate, justifying this by the rise in global oil prices.
The price of a liter of high-quality imported gasoline reached a dollar and 367 US cents, the gas cylinder price reached 13 dollars and 13 cents, the price of European diesel reached 952 cents, and that of the improved type 676 cents, and the price of refined diesel 572 cents.
The areas of the northern countryside of Aleppo were systematically destroyed in vital sectors and basic facilities during the battles against the regime forces and the Islamic State group, and later against the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Living conditions changed, and people were forced to rely on primitive ways to generate electricity, such as generators and car batteries, to light homes and shops during certain hours of the day.
The local councils in the areas of Aleppo countryside under the control of Turkey were able to secure electricity and end the "amperes" subscription phase that existed after the area got out of the control of the Syrian regime, and with the damage to the sector''s infrastructure, by contracting with two companies, "AK Energy" and "STE Energy," to import electricity from Turkey.
But after three years of this experiment, which was punctuated by many criticisms of the policy of these companies, the last of which was in early June, when demonstrations took place for the people in the cities of Azaz, al-Bab, Mare'', and others, complaining about the high price of kilowatts and the unjustified power cuts, which indicates that the electricity situation still suffers from problems that these companies do not have solutions to, which negatively affect people''s lives.
Residents of the northern countryside of Aleppo, interviewed by Enab Baladi, considered that the instability of the electricity sector made solar panels a household necessity in recent years, as their use is not limited to the commercial sector only.
One of the displaced people of Eastern Ghouta, Tariq Subhi, 30, who lives in the city of al-Bab in the eastern countryside of Aleppo, told Enab Baladi that the use of solar panels came because the electricity company operating in the area raised the prices of electricity, as the prices rose from 0.85 Turkish kuruş to 2.2 Turkish liras per kilowatt, with the potential to rise to 4.5 Turkish liras, with power cuts off for hours.
Hamza Mohammad, one of the workers installing solar panels in the city of al-Bab, told Enab Baladi that the high electricity prices prompted people to use solar energy.
He added that their use is not limited to a specific category, as most of the users of energy panels in these areas are industrialists, traders, farmers, and large stakeholders that need stable and uninterrupted electricity, but solar panels have started to be used in homes more.
Mohammad Rajab, a panel installer and owner of the Energy World center in the city of al-Bab, explained to Enab Baladi that many farmers tend to use solar energy for irrigation, as it is less costly than drawing water using diesel-fueled machines, and it also requires less maintenance.
Northeastern Syria, which is mostly under the control of the Autonomous Administration, is witnessing the spread of solar energy systems, like most Syrian regions, but they seem to be limited in the homes and facilities of families living in a good economic situation, according to what Enab Baladi monitored.
Among the reasons for its spread in Raqqa governorate, in particular, are the low water levels in the Euphrates River, the frequent breakdowns of generators, and the high price of one ampere, which has reached about 2000 Syrian pounds. (ampere is the name used by locals to refer to the subscription to electric generators)
Ayman al-Ali, 34, a dealer of solar panels and alternative energy systems in Raqqa, said that the residents'' desire to install energy systems is due to the sustainability of their electricity production, their independence from the public network, and the lack of breakdowns, which may be non-existent if the panels were installed in a correct way.
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