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20 Wh / kg（72kJ / kg）。,35 Wh / kg（126 kJ / kg）,。,（,30-40 Wh / kg（108-144kJ / kg）;80-200 Wh / kg（288-720kJ / kg） ））。
200 MW,800 MWh（4）; 2018[26]。
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a ESI-HRMS spectrum of the Zn(PPi)26-, the peak found at m/z = 606.5764 is assigned to [K5ZnP4O14]- (calcd: 606.5715). b 31P NMR of 3 M K4PPi, 0.3 M and 0.8 M Zn(PPi)26-, respectively. c Raman spectra of 0.8 M ZnCl2, 3 M K4PPi, 0.3 M and 0.8 M Zn(PPi)26-, respectively. d ATR-FTIR spectra of 0.8 M ZnCl2, 3 M K4PPi and 0.8 M Zn(PPi)26-, respectively. e The chelated process of Zn(PPi)26- ions.
3D snapshot of a 0.2 M ZnBr2 system and d 0.2 M ZnCl2-K4PPi (1:3) system obtained from MD simulations. RDFs for b ZnBr2 and e ZnCl2-K4PPi system collected from MD simulations. The optimized molecular structures and corresponding binding energy of c Zn(H2O)62+ and f Zn(PPi)26-. ESP-mapped molecular van der Waals surface of g Zn(H2O)62+ and h Zn(PPi)26-54. i The LUMO and HOMO isosurfaces of Zn(H2O)62+ (left) and Zn(PPi)26- (right), respectively.
a CV curves of 0.1 M Zn(PPi)26- and 0.1 M ZnBr2 solution on a carbon paper electrode at 50 mV s−1, respectively. b Tafel plots for Zn plating/stripping in 0.2 M Zn(PPi)26- solution at 0.1 mV s−1. c CV curves of 0.1 M Zn(PPi)26- at various scan rates ranging from 10 to 50 mV s−1. d Linear relationship between reduction peak current densities (ipc) with square root of the scan rate (ν1/2) derived from c.
a GCD profiles of the ZIFBs at 40 mA cm−2 using 0.2 M Zn(PPi)26- negolyte or 0.2 M ZnBr2 negolyte in the first cycle. The charge process ended with a cutoff voltage of 1.9 V and 1.6 V, respectively, while the discharge process ended with a cutoff voltage of 0.2 V. b Rate performance of 0.2 M Zn(PPi)26- based ZIFB with a charging capacity of 20 mAh cm−2 at various current densities, the discharge process ended with a cutoff voltage of 0.2 V. c Cycling performance of 0.2 M Zn(PPi)26- based ZIFB at 40 mA cm-2. The charging capacity was controlled to 20 mAh cm-2, while the discharge process ended with a cutoff voltage of 0.2 V.
Where γ is the surface energy of the Zn–electrolyte interface, Vm is the molar volume of Zn, F is Faraday''s constant, and η is the NOP.
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