Turkmenistan is a landlocked developing member country (DMC) with abundant gas and oil deposits. Most of the country is desert, with the population concentrated in a few urban areas. Contact online >>
Turkmenistan is a landlocked developing member country (DMC) with abundant gas and oil deposits. Most of the country is desert, with the population concentrated in a few urban areas.
Despite the country''s reliance upon hydrocarbons, the government recognizes the importance of climate action and is exploring renewable energy sources, including solar. This shift could open up new export markets for the country, such as through Green Energy corridors to transport renewable energy from Central Asia to Europe,which would support regional and cross border cooperation.
Turkmenistan is a landlocked developing member country (DMC) with abundant gas and oil deposits. Most of the country is desert, with the population concentrated in a few urban areas.
The Arkadag Smart City Project is an innovative initiative by the Government of Turkmenistan to advance sustainable development through an environmentally friendly, digitally advanced, resource-conscious, and socially inclusive urban ecosystem. The key objectives of the city are: (1) Environmental Sustainability, (2) Inclusive Growth, (3) Technological Advancement, (4) Economic Diversification, (5) Community Participation, (6) Resilience and Disaster Management, and (7) Data Privacy and Security.
The proposed TA will complement ADB''s existing grid strengthening investments in Turkmenistan''s energy sector while setting the foundations for future engagement in renewable energy generation, including in urban settings. The majority of the technology promoted under the TA would be new for the country.
"Turkmenistan is highly dependent upon hydrocarbons and has an undiversified export basket dominated by a single productnatural gas. In 2021, hydrocarbons comprised about 85% of total exports.
"Despite the country''s reliance upon hydrocarbons, the government recognizes the importance of climate action. Turkmenistan''s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitment to mitigation focuses on improving energy efficiency and conservation, promoting the sustainable use of hydrocarbons, and increasing alternative energy sources.
"In the country''s transition to alternative energy sources, Turkmenistan recently completed a 10MW (solar 7MW, and wind 3MW) power plant last January, of which 7MW of solar power has been connected to the grid. Solar is thus a new technology for the country despite its desert features and high potential for generation and offers significant export opportunities with new initiatives in energy generation and transmission from Central Asia to Europe.
"Under the recently approved Turkmenistan CPS (2024-2028), ADB will support Turkmenistan in its efforts to become a more sustainable, climate-resilient, and competitive economy. Urban development is identified as a key potential area for engagement under the CPS with support planned for sustainable cities that incorporate innovations, new technologies, and international best practices.
"Arkadag City is a new ''smart and ''green city in southern Turkmenistan that will fully incorporate modern advanced technologies and digital solutions.
"Environmental Sustainability is the first objective of Arkadag City. The Government of Turkmenistan has sought ADB''s help in advancing this objective and is interested in a small-scale solar demonstration, which can then be scaled up including for Ashgabat city. For the demonstration, more than 4 GWh of renewable energy is targeted to be produced annually, resulting in a reduction of more than 3,000 tons of GHG emissions each year.
"Complementing the proposed assessment, feasibility studies, and demonstration, the Technical Assistance would also be engaged for capacity building for government officials, local contractors, and the local community.
"The proposed support would set the foundation for ADB''s future engagement in renewable energy across the country, significantly contributing to decarbonization efforts. It will complement the ongoing TA in Turkmenistan, ''Improving Energy Efficiency and Capacity, under which a low-carbon transition roadmap is under development, integrating renewable energy in Turkmenistan''s broader transition to cleaner energy sources.
"This TA aligns with Turkmenistan''s strategic goals as outlined in the Government''s two national development strategies: the Program for the Revival of a New Era of a Powerful State: The National Program for the Socio-Economic Development of Turkmenistan in 2022-2052 (Programme-2052) and the Programme of the President of Turkmenistan for the socio-economic development of the country in 2022-2028 (Programme-2028).
"The feasibility studies and assessments conducted under the TA will act as a foundation for nationwide adoption of low-emission technologies in both urban and rural contexts. The TA will further serve as a critical pilot for demonstrating climate resilient urban infrastructure, reducing emissions in line with Turkmenistan''s NDC goals.
Turkmenistan''s climate goals achieved.
Reduction in emissions and increased technical readiness of the country to achieve additional renewable power generation.
1. Surveys and detailed assessments supported for large-scale deployment of urban solasolar power generationr in Turkmenistan.
Demonstration Solar Project in Arkadag City installed.
Capacity building provided to government officials and local communities.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. It assists its members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and equity investments to promote social and economic development.
Renewables are an increasingly important source of energy as countries seek to reduce their CO2 emissions and dependence on imported fossil fuels. Renewables are mainly used to generate electricity, though renewable technologies can also be used for heating in homes and buildings. Renewable biofuels are also an emerging technology solution to decarbonise parts of the transport sector.
Note thatmodern renewablesexcludes traditional uses of biomass, such as burning collected wood, agricultural byproducts or dung for cooking or heating. This has serious negative consequences on health and the environment, including contributing to millions of deaths annually from air pollution, and is targeted for phase-out in international development and climate goals and in the IEA''s Net Zero scenario.
Biofuels, mostly made from plants, and waste products, such as household trash and industrial wastes, can be burned to generate electricity or heat. This can have environmental and climate advantages compared to burning fossil fuels, though the impact varies widely depending on the fuel source and how it is used. Traditional uses of biomass for heating and cooking, which remain a major source of energy in many developing countries, are targeted for phase-out in international climate goals and IEA scenarios.
Biofuels are used in all parts of the energy system: as replacement for oil-based fuels in transportation, to generate electricity, for heating buildings, or to provide heat for industrial processes.
Renewables such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydroelectric dams generate electricity without burning fuels that emit greenhouse gases and other pollutants. As the costs of solar panels and wind turbines have fallen dramatically in recent years, renewables now represent the cheapest source of new electricity generation in many parts of the world.
Renewables also have an important role in providing heat for buildings and industrial processes. To achieve decarbonisation and energy saving objectives, many countries are encouraging individual homes and buildings to shift from fossil fuel heating systems such as gas- or oil-fired boilers to systems like heat pumps which are much more efficient and can be powered with electricity from low-carbon sources. However, in areas that rely on heating from centralised heat plants or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, burning biofuels and waste products can provide a lower-carbon alternative to fossil fuels. Geothermal heating can also provide renewable, low-carbon heat but is only feasible in specific locations with the right kind of volcanic or tectonic activity.
Renewable heat sources have made fewer inroads in industry, as many important industrial processes such as steelmaking require higher heat than renewable fuels can achieve. New techniques and technologies will be needed to decarbonise these areas.
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This technical assistance will prepare a feasibility study and a detail design for 50 MW solar pilot project (preferably a CSP system) and upgrade to a closed-cycle operation from open cycle at Ahal (508 MW) and Dashoguz (254 MW). The solar pilot will also include energy storage options to improve the system reliability and integrate it with the gas power plant. Specific location of open cycle generation and a choice of solar option may change during full due-diligence. Site selection will ensure no transmission congestion.
Energy / Energy efficiency and conservation
Turkmenistan has not been able to join this global rush for renewable energy, despite this unprecedented decline in cost and technology development, mainly because of its ready access to abundant cheap gas, and the dominance of fossil fuel in the economy. Renewable energy is not seen as a viable alternative, and is not part of any priority investment plan. Turkmenenergo, the vertically-integrated power utility, has no renewable energy power generation in operation.
With the world targeting carbon neutrality by 2050, relying on a single source of energy has exposed Turkmenistan to the risk of losing export revenues. The government has realized this challenge. The National Programme for Socio-Economic Development of Turkmenistan, 20112030, adopted in May 2010, aims to achieve a strong and sustainable economic growth on the basis of efficient integration of the country into the world economy, with maximum diversification of its export potential yet keeping the fuel and energy industry as the priority.
The proposed project will showcase the merits of solar power to key policy makers through its technical study tours in fossil fuel-rich countries where large scale renewable energy projects are operational, and finance a solar pilot project. It will also engage senior policy makers in a renewable energy dialogue, with a plan to develop an alternative fossil fuel-free pathway and a renewable energy roadmap.
Individual international consultants will be selected through the framework agreement and individual consultant selection method. ADB will engage mutiple resource persons, and technical experts to prepare the proposed project. Here are a list of indicative individual consultants:
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