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The Dominican Republic''s Nationally Determined Contribution (2020 revision) calls for a 27% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 relative to business as usual, up from 25% in the country''s original NDC.[6][7][8] Between 1990 and 2013, greenhouse gas emissions in the Dominican Republic increased by 368%; the majority of emissions (61.9%) were generated by the energy sector.[9]
CNE (Comisión Nacional de la Energía) is the policy making agency responsible for creating and upholding the Dominican Republic''s national energy plans.
The Dominican environmental ministry (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales) issues environmental permits and licenses, and is responsible for the protection, preservation, and sustainable use of the country''s natural resources.[10]
SIE (Superintendencia de Electricidad) is the regulatory agency for Dominican energy.
CDEEE (Corporación Dominicana de Empresas Eléctricas Estatales) is a holding company that brings together all Dominican government-owned generation, transmission, and distribution companies, as well as government electrical programs. Electricity is then publicly distributed through either Edenorte, Edesur, or Edeeste.
OC (Organismo Coordinador) is responsible for the coordination of the dispatch of electricity across the Dominican Republic via the national interconnected electrical system.[11]
Haina Basic Energy Ltd. and Itabo are two important private power generation companies.
As of 2020, 19.91% of employed Dominicans worked in the industrial sector[12]; more specifically, extractive industries in the Dominican Republic employed 9,983 persons.[13]
As of 2020, the country''s installed electrical capacity was 4921 MW, with fossil fuels accounting for 75.39%, followed by hydro (12.66%), wind (7.52%), solar (3.81%) and biofuels (less than 1%).[1] Installed electrical capacity in the Dominican Republic increased by more than 52% between 2010 and 2019.[5]
Average peak electrical demand during 2020 was approximately 2000 MW.[14] Electricity demand is very high in tourist areas, leading to the granting of concessions for private generation and distribution.[11]
As of 2020, 100% of the population of the Dominican Republic has access to electricity.[19] As of 2016, Dominicans use just over 1,724 kWh per capita.[20]
No coal is produced in the Dominican Republic. The country consumes over a million short tons of imported coal annually.[21] More than 80% of imports come from Colombia and approximately 15% from the United States, followed by smaller amounts from Peru, Germany, Spain, China, Mexico, and France.[22]
Prior to 2019, less than 100 oil wells had been drilled in the Dominican Republic over the preceding century, with domestic production peaking at 30,000 bpd in the 1950s. The DR has not recorded any domestic production in recent years, but in 2019 the government announced that it would auction off exploration and development rights to 14 onshore and offshore oil blocks.[23][24]
133,000 barrels of oil were consumed daily in the DR during 2016.[24]
The DR''s imports of oil from the United States have increased in recent years, while imports from Venezuela and Mexico have significantly decreased. During the first eight months of 2019, 61.4% of the DR''s hydrocarbon imports came from the United States, followed by smaller amounts from the Netherlands (9.7%), Trinidad and Tobago (9.1%), Nigeria (7.9%), and other countries.[25]
The DR has wanted to produce oil for many years, and exploratory operations for Dominican petroleum in the Caribbean are slated to begin in 2021.[26] The country has also expanded its natural gas infrastructure in recent years, with the conversion of several power plants from oil to gas and the development of new projects including the 50-kilometer Eastern Gas Pipeline and the expansion of capacity at the Andrés LNG Terminal.[27][28][29]
Solar photovoltaics, wind, and bioenergy are leading the renewable energy changes in the DR.[30] Between 2018 and 2026, the CDEEE will be constructing at least eight renewable energy generation projects.[14] Generous tax incentives are provided to investors in the renewable energy sector.[14] The growth of renewable energy in the Dominican Republic is supported by the legal framework which includes the General Electricity Law 125-01, Renewable Energy Incentives Law 57-07, General Law on Environment and Resources Law 64-00, and net metering legislation.[31]
As of July 2021, the largest solar plants in the Caribbean were located in the Dominican Republic.[32] The Sabana Real region near the Haitian border and other remote and/or low income communities are anticipating that an increase in solar power will be able to improve access to reliable and affordable electricity.[32]
In December 2021, the government announced a more favorable process for investors in order to speed up the installation of solar plants.[33][34]
Iron and steel account for 4% of exports from the Dominican Republic.[35] The DR is known for its production of ferronickel.[36] In 2019, the Dominican Republic exported its iron and steel products primarily to the United States, Antigua & Barbuda, and Jamaica.[37] In 2020, US$190 million was invested in the iron and nickel industry.[38]
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