ISLAMABAD: The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (NEECA) has released a pre-feasibility study on green hydrogen energy, aiming to unlock the vast potential of the clean fuel and pave the way for a more sustainable energy future. Contact online >>
ISLAMABAD: The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (NEECA) has released a pre-feasibility study on green hydrogen energy, aiming to unlock the vast potential of the clean fuel and pave the way for a more sustainable energy future.
The study, conducted in collaboration with international experts, analyzed 13 value chain cases for hydrogen production, storage, and utilization, and identified the three most promising ones for further exploration.
Currently, Pakistan relies heavily on thermal sources for its power generation, with a staggering 64 percent of its energy being sourced from imported fossil fuels such as RLNG, Coal, and RFO. The escalating global energy prices and the nation''s dependence on imported fuel have presented formidable challenges, affecting both the reliability and cost-effectiveness of Pakistan''s energy supply. Additionally, this reliance on fossil fuels has contributed to higher greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating environmental concerns.
Hydrogen, with its high energy content, environmental compatibility, storage capabilities, and ability to address intermittency issues in RE sources, emerges as a crucial energy vector for ensuring a reliable and cost-effective harnessing of Pakistan''s RE resources.
Dr. Sardar Mohazzam, Managing Director of NEECA, provided insight into the motivation behind conducting this groundbreaking study, which aims to explore the potential of green hydrogen energy in Pakistan. The event featured key presentations from Stephen B. Harrison, an International Expert on Green Hydrogen, and Dr. Nadeem Javed, the ex-chief economist, who outlined crucial aspects of the pre-feasibility study.
In the study, 13 value chain cases for financial modeling have been meticulously analyzed to gauge their economic viability across current and potential future scenarios. The study focused on advancing sustainable energy solutions and identified and highlighted the three most promising value chains.
Hydrogen Electrolysis from Ghazi-Barotha Dam: Researchers propose harnessing hydrogen through electrolysis from hydroelectricity at the existing Ghazi-Barotha dam. The innovative approach involves admixing the produced hydrogen at a low concentration into the local natural gas grid.
Solar-Powered Hydrogen Production at Quaid e Azam Solar Park: Utilizing solar power generated from the Quaid e Azam solar park, scientists envision producing hydrogen on an electrolyzer. The resulting hydrogen, generated through sustainable solar energy, would be admixed at a low concentration into the local natural gas grid. This application aims to decarbonize the gas pipeline network and enhance sustainability in heating, cooking, and CNG applications.
Run-of-the-River Hydropower Micro-Grid: A One MW Run-of-the-river hydropower remote micro-grid is proposed, allocating a portion of the generated power for hydrogen production during the 10 months of hydropower generation. The hydrogen would be stored and released to a fuel cell for two winter months when the hydro plant undergoes winterization, mitigating the risk of ice damage.
The findings of this study represent a significant leap forward in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, offering a potential roadmap for the future. As the global community continues to prioritize environmentally friendly alternatives, these identified value chains hold promise for a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape. The research is set to spark discussions and further exploration into practical applications and implementations.
High capital expenditure and elevated electricity costs currently impede the financial feasibility of the identified value chain projects for hydrogen generation.
The study recommends policy interventions, such as reviewing power pricing tariffs, providing low-cost power for hydrogen generation from curtailed hydropower, and implementing a CO2 emissions cost.
Despite current challenges, Green Hydrogen is seen as the future for clean and low-carbon development, with an expected gradual decrease in capex costs. Urging proactive measures, the study suggests preparing for the upcoming opportunity to shift towards Green Hydrogen for economy-wide decarbonization. International financing support can accelerate this transition, catalyzing sustainable development in line with government efforts to address climate change.
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National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (NEECA) launched pre-feasibility Study on Pakistan Green Hydrogen Energy here on Thursday. Dr. Sardar Mohazzam, Managing Director NEECA presented the background for conducting the green hydrogen energy study in Pakistan. Mr. Stephen B. Harrison, International Expert on Green Hydrogen and Dr. Nadeem Javed, Ex-chief economist presented key contours of the Pre-feasibility study. Senator Dr. Musadik Malik, Mr. Masroor Ahmed, Chairman OGRA, Mr. Yousuf Siddiqui, CEO Engro Energy Limited and Mr. Nadeem Javed Bajwa, MD ISGS also expressed their expert opinion in the matter. Representatives from public & private sector and Donor agencies also attended the launching ceremony.
The current power mix of Pakistan is primarily dominant with about 64% thermal mostly based on imported fossil fuels including RLNG, Coal and RFO. Due to our reliance on imported fuel and very high Energy prices at global level, it has become difficult for Pakistan to manage reliable& cost-effective energy supply.
This dependency on fossil fuels also results in the higher GHG emissions. The cost-effective solution to this problem is to harness the maximum potential of indigenous Renewable Energy (RE) resources in the country as Pakistan has abundant RE resources, including solar and wind power. Hydrogen due to its high energy content, environmental compatibility, storage & distribution, and its ability to address intermittency of RE sources, is an essential energy vector to ensure the reliable and cost effective harnessing of the RE resources of Pakistan.
The media recently reported signing of an MoU among five energy companies of Pakistan, mostly PSEs, for pursuing “green hydrogen” opportunities.
Apparently, the step seems quite revolutionary, especially, when the given energy source is yet to secure any sizeable foothold in the energy mix of even the developed world and hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels hardly account for 0.1% of the total global energy consumption.
This article is a humble attempt at a brief review of the option and its possible relevance to Pakistan.
As it does not release any greenhouse gases when burnt, therefore, hydrogen gas is the cleanest fuel for transportation and power generation.
When the source for the electricity used to produce this gas is a fossil fuel, the product is called ‘grey hydrogen’, which currently accounts for 98% of the aggregate annual global production of hydrogen. Generation of each ton of the same releases 11 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
If the process also involves capture and storage of this carbon dioxide,, instead of its release into atmosphere, then the product is called ‘blue hydrogen’. So far, hardly 0.1% of the globally emitted volume of 37.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide is being captured.
As to green hydrogen, it is obtained through electrolysis by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by passing electric current through the same. The said current is sourced from renewable sources, ie not involving greenhouse gas emissions at any stage.
The foremost challenge in establishing a viable value chain of green hydrogen is the associated capital and operating costs. The production cost of green hydrogen currently ranges between $3 and $6 per kilogramme while that of grey between $0.5 and $1.7 per kg.
To reduce it to around $1.5/kg, amongst other steps, the pertaining industrial-scale electrolysers’ cost is required to be reduced by four times.
Also; a) In electrolysis, 9 kg of water produces one kg of hydrogen. Hence, arrangement of this water can also be a challenge.
Furthermore, based upon the currently available commercial electrolysis process efficiency, the power requirement for producing 1 kg of hydrogen would at least be 50 kilowatt-hour (kWh). Thus, economical generation of electricity from alternate sources is also pivotal for the given business case.
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