I''m not so interested in how long the pump can run, as it only will need to run for about 5 - 10 minutes/day. So, I''m assuming the battery is plenty for that. The battery will be charged via solar cell panels.
However, I''m more concerned about the discharge rate. I''ve read that lead acid battery not should be discharged too quickly, as this might result in overheating the battery (and cause damage to it).
How do I figure out what a safe maximum discharge rate is for a 12V lead acid battery?
An easy rule-of-thumb for determining the slow/intermediate/fast rates for charging/discharging a rechargeable chemical battery, mostly independent of the actual manufacturing technology: lead acid, NiCd, NiMH, Li...
Disclaimer: this is a rule-of-thumb, useful as an starting point when the datasheet is not available or when dealing with a no-brand/unknown battery.
Ideally the manufacturer supplies the discharge rates on the battery datasheet.
A quick point: You mention you have a 12 V 2.4 A SLA (sealed lead acid) battery, but batteries are rated in amp-hours not amperes. Therefore I suspect you have a 12 V 2.4 Ah battery.
Now that we have that out of the way, a 12 V 2.5 Ah SLA battery from Power Sonic, as an example (a company that has datasheets for their batteries) shows several discharge rates that may be of interest:
This means you should expect, at a discharge rate of 2.2 A, that the battery would have a nominal capacity (down to 9 V) between 1.13 Ah and 1.5 Ah, giving you between 15 minutes and 1 hour runtime.
Jose''s answer states that the discharge rate isn''t related to chemistry. However, this is not correct. It can vary up to a factor of 1000 depending on chemistry.
Different batteries chemistries have different properties.
Beyond the chemistry, this is also related to the battery design itself. Size of the electrodes, the thickness of electrode coatings, electrolyte so it can also vastly vary upon this.
Some are designed for a lower self discharge rate, some for higher energy density or higher instant power output.
Larger electrode with thinner coating will have a higher discharge rate, while the opposite will lead to higher energy density.
The best is to check at the manufacturer datasheet if it is available.
Here is also a table with common values.
Concerning specifically on lead-acid, there are also several types, but two are most common, the car starter battery and the stationary battery.
Because of its construction, a starter battery is only suitable for short loads with high current, which most commonly take place when starting an engine of a car, truck The main characteristic of a starter battery is that they have big, thin, flat plates. Starter batteries are not suitable for cyclic use (continuous charging & discharging) A starter battery is relatively cheap. Source
Okay, like the title suggests, I need a method of calculating self discharge rates of Lead-Acid batteries. Here''s the catch: I varied the electrolyte which the batteries were using, replacing sulphuric acid with hydrochloric acid, another one with nitric, and another one with phosphorous acid. Anybody have any idea how I can get around this?
There is absolutely no certainty that this will work.Asking people about fine details of cell performance tends to legitimatise and hide the fact that a process of no real certainty is being investigated.Until the underlying issues have been at least lightly investigatred the question is premature and ill advised.
In the absence of a good grasp of the chemistry there is no certainty that extrapolated results will be in any way accurate.
Results for one cycle may not be repeatable. The batteries may fail rapidly after a few cycles. Unless you have worked though the chemistry it is not certain that there will be a satisfactory outcome.
If you did the shorter term measurements first you get the following results after X months
A key issue is, are the cells going to have increasing capacity over the first few cycles (as eg NimH do) or will they fall progressively with cycles?
(2) Answering the obvious.
You''d need to tell us far more about what you had done - acid molarity plate compositions (calcium lead or), plate construction and "rather more"
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