Solar power in Denmark amounts to 3,696 MW of grid-connected PV capacity at the end of June 2024,[1] and contributes to a government target to use 100% renewable electricity by 2030 and 100% renewable energy by 2050.[2][3] Solar power produced 9.3% of Danish electricity gener Contact online >>
Solar power in Denmark amounts to 3,696 MW of grid-connected PV capacity at the end of June 2024,[1] and contributes to a government target to use 100% renewable electricity by 2030 and 100% renewable energy by 2050.[2][3] Solar power produced 9.3% of Danish electricity generation in 2023, the highest share in the Nordic countries.[4][5]
The goal of 200 MW of photovoltaics by 2020 was reached eight years early, in 2012.[6] Projections of future capacity have continued to increase; a total of 9,000 MW (9 GW) is expected to be installed by 2030.[7]
Many solar-thermal district heating plants exist and are planned in Denmark.[8]
Solar power provided 1.4 TWh, or the equivalent of 4.3%[14] or 3.6% of Danish electricity consumption in 2021.[15] In 2018, the number was 2.8 percent.[16]
Denmark has lower solar insolation than many countries closer to Equator, but lower temperatures increase production. Modern solar cells decrease production by 0.25% per year.[15]
In 2020 The Danish Energy Agency announced 400 MW PV projects in the Nissum Fjord location.[17]
In 2015 only 6.3 MW was applied for out of a funding pool of 41 MW. The funding is valued at 1.02 DKK/kWh for 2015, and 0.88 for 2016.[18] In 2016, a German solar power auction was won by a set of projects with a combined capacity of 50 MW at a price of 5.38 eurocent/kWh, which is unusually low for Northern Europe. The projects are located in Denmark due to EU rules.[19]
In 2013 PV deployment reached 216 MW of new installations, down 32 percent from the previous year.
In 2012, new photovoltaic installations had surged to unprecedented levels in Denmark. This twentyfold increase in photovoltaic capacity in only one year urged the Danish government to cut back its net-metering scheme. In December 2012, Danish parliament reduced the compensation period of net-metering from a yearly to an hourly bases and increased in turn the granted feed-in tariffs. This change in policy intended to reduce the overall attractiveness of further PV deployment while keeping up some incentives for small developments. It also reduced the loss of tax revenues for the government by shifting the costs directly to the electricity consumers.[20][21]
After years of decreasing costs and subsidies,[22] large companies paid to install new grid-scale photovoltaic power stations with several megawatt capacity without subsidies in rural areas, partially to supply data centers.[23][24][25][26] Some use sheep to tend the land, a case of agrivoltaics.[27]
A 37 MW facility with solar trackers opened in 2020.[28]
Solar heat plants are widespread in Denmark,[35] with a combined heating capacity of 1.1 GW in 2019.[36]
The Braedstrup system is designed to integrate with the national electric grid. The heat pump and electric boiler are used when there is surplus wind power available on the grid, contributing to the stability of the system and maximal use of the wind power. The natural gas boiler is used when this renewable electricity is not available.[42]
There is great potential for harnessing solar energy in Denmark. At the same time, the costs associated with producing electricity from solar PV (photovoltaics) have dropped significantly in recent years, and solar PV are now one of the most cost-effective and competitive ways of producing electricity. In addition, solar energy is a good complement to wind energy, since the sun often shines when there is no wind. Solar energy, therefore, plays a key role in realizing Denmark''s ambition of covering our net electricity consumption with 100% renewable energy by 2030.
Every quarter, the Danish Energy Agency publishes a solar PV inventory describing the status of the expansion of solar PV in Denmark. The latest version can be found below and shows a total expansion of solar PV in Denmark of more than 3.3 GW as of 1 July 2023.. The installations consist of both large installations in the open country as well as smaller installations, mainly on rooftop.
Solar PV Statistics 2nd quarter 2023 (Only available in Danish)
In 2022, 6.1 % of the total Danish electricity consumption came from solar PV, and within the next few years it is expected, according to the Danish Energy Agency''s analysis requirements for Energinet 2022, that solar PV will make up approximately 12 % of net electricity consumption, of which the largest expansion is expected to come from larger commercial field installations.
The Danish Energy Agency is a part ofthe Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities
The Danish Energy Agency, Esbjerg location
The annual solar radiation on Denmark’s land is about 180 times greater than Denmark’s total annual energy consumption. This makes the sun an enormous source of energy, and DTU conducts research and teaches how we can make optimal use of it.
Today, we use solar energy in Denmark in two ways: in the form of rooftop solar panels that can produce heat and district heating, and solar cells that can produce electricity.
The sun is our largest source of energy, and if we knew how to make optimal use of it, we would easily be able to supply the whole world with energy.Today, only a few per cent of the world’s energy supply comes from solar energy. That number must be increased to achieve the climate goals.
At DTU, researchers are working to make the technologies better and cheaper, so that solar energy can become a crucial part of the clean energy mix that will make us independent of fossil fuels.
Denmark has come far as regards research and development in solar energy. At DTU, we work closely with the solar industry, and we research, among other things, solar heating systems and integration in buildings, optimization of energy systems, energy storage, sustainable materials for harvesting solar energy, and development of new types of solar cells.
At the moment, the challenges in terms of solar energy are that the sun only shines in the day and the number of hours of sunshine varies. Therefore, DTU researchers are working on finding efficient and cheap methods to store solar energy until we need it. Another challenge is that the solar cells we use today to produce electricity are relatively expensive in relation to their efficiency. They typically only convert 15-20% of the solar energy into electricity. Therefore, there is a need for solar cells that are both more efficient and cheaper to manufacture.
Solar cell module manufacturing is cheap in the Far East, but the modules’ share of the total investment costs is decreasing, and there are many business opportunities for Danish companies in the area of operation and installation of solar farms.
DTU therefore collaborates with the company European Energy among others to develop efficient and cost-optimized photovoltaic systems. This takes place at a test facility at DTU Campus on Risø, where so-called bifacial photovoltaic cells and modules are tested, which can harvest light energy from both sides, in contrast to the more widely used monofacial solar cells. There are no similar test facilities for bifacial solar cells in Europe. The goal is to gain knowledge about the higher capacity as well as any operational challenges associated with the use of bifacial solar cells.
Bifacial solar cells is seen as a promising technology in the solar industry. The hope is that it will be possible to achieve a greater effect for the same installation costs and thus reduce the price of electricity in future.
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