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The National Environmental Policy (NEP) and National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) 2022 – 2030, themed the ‘pathway to sustainable development in Sri Lanka’, was launched at the auditorium of the Ministry of Environment on the 19th of December.
The National Environmental Policy and Strategy (NEPS) formulated and published by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources in 2003 has been the key policy document that guided decisions on environmental issues in Sri Lanka in the past. In addition, A draft of the National Environmental Policy was published in 2021 for public comments. But the final publication seems much more extensive and time specific than the draft publication.
Through this article, the Climate Fact Check Team hopes to create awareness and educate the public on what is included in these documents and what it encompasses for the country.
The vision and mission of the NEP are to safeguard the environment while ensuring ecological sustainability for the present and the future and to ensure sustainable use, management and protection of environmental resources to create enabling conditions for sustainable development in Sri Lanka through a well-defined policy framework respectively.
In addition, the NEAP revision was guided by the following principles;
The NEP is based on 11 main principles of Environmental Management, namely;
upon which the citizens can rely to realise their right to a sound environment.
Thematic areas included in the NEP and the NEAP
The first Thematic area on the NEP coincides with thematic areas 5&7, Sustainable land resource management and integrated water resource management, respectively, in the NEAP. Land and Water Resource Management is critical to enhancing the sustainability of the economy of Sri Lanka, especially agriculture production, since the unrestricted expansion of cultivation area is no longer possible. The policies fall under the key regions, with 11 policies under integrated Management of Land and Water Resources, Spatial Strategy and Land Use Planning. 9 policies under environmentally sensitive land and water resources focus on restoring watersheds and degraded lands. Seven policies on participatory management of Land and water resources.
As discussed at the COP15, the UN''s Biodiversity Conference, and considering that Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot, it is essential to conserve the remaining life in the country for economic and social development. This includes the technical areas, In-situ conservation of flora and fauna, conservation of wetlands, Regulating, Controlling and Monitoring Losses, Threats and Conflicts on Biodiversity and the Sustainable use of biological resources and ecosystems.
The 2nd thematic area, biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the NEAP, include seven strategies and 37 actions to address the objectives of this theme. It focuses on conserving biodiversity to gain optimum ecosystem services which cater to humans in more than one way. This includes the provision of food, fodder, fibre, timber and medicinal and ornamental resources; regulation of air and water quality, erosion and climate regulation; carbon sequestration; providing habitats for pollinators; pest and disease regulation; soil formation; primary production; nutrient and water cycling; aesthetic values, recreation and eco-tourism; as well as knowledge and educational services.
The NEAP includes conserving and sustainable use of marine and coastal resources as the 4th thematic area. Sri Lanka is an Island nation, and hence is essential to ensure the safety of the coastal belt found around the country. However, Sri Lanka''s coastal zone is threatened by increasing population pressure and unmanaged human activities that cause coastal water pollution because of sewage and solid waste; industrial effluents; pollution by tourists; the sectors of power, fisheries and aquaculture; oil spills; heavy metals and plastics. It describes nine strategies and 49 actions to overcome these threats.
The NEP includes the technical areas; Conservation of coastal and Marine ecosystems with seven policy statements, Management of coastal erosion with three policy statements and Management of coastal and marine pollution with four policy statements.
An unresolved issue due to poor management, this thematic area includes technical areas on managing atmospheric pollution, water pollution, sustainable management of solid waste and policies describing the control of other pollutants such as Noise, Visual, Thermal, Light, and Radioactive.
The NEAP includes ten strategies and 60 actions to address air quality management, nine systems, and 63 steps to meet the challenges in holistic waste management. Though natural phenomena could generate waste, the current severity of waste issues is attributed to urbanisation, induindustrialisation economic growth of human societies.
As economies become globally integrated, their environmental consequences also are increasingly felt beyond national boundaries. The rising threat of climate change, depletion of the ozone layer, loss of global biodiversity and pollution of global commons such as the atmosphere and oceans are significant examples. Of tClimatenge has emerged as the most prominent global environmental issue, with far-reaching impacts projected worldwide.
The NEP has broken this thematic area into two sub-groups: Climate Change adaptation, mitigation and loss and damage, Other International Environmental Challenges and International Cooperation wit,h 1,1 and 5 policy statements included, respectively. In addition, the NEAP consists of a section on Climate action for sustainability, comprising six strategies and 121 steps.
The built environment usually refers to human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighbourhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructures, such as water supply or energy networks. This consists of the technical areas of Green Cities and Townships with a focus on Greening the Built Environment and Green Development and Manufacturing. However, the development strategies implemented in Sri Lanka in the past still needed to consider many of these green building strategies. Hence, there will be a significant investment in converting the existing infrastructure based on the green concept.
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