In 2023, the U.S. residential sector consumed 18.4 quads of primary energy, 19.7% of U.S. primary energy consumption. Contact online >>
In 2023, the U.S. residential sector consumed 18.4 quads of primary energy, 19.7% of U.S. primary energy consumption.
Approximately 2% of the solar energy striking the Earth''s surface is converted into kinetic energy in wind.1 Wind turbines convert the wind''s kinetic energy to electricity without emissions1, and can be built on land or offshore in large bodies of water like oceans and lakes2. High wind speeds yield more energy because wind power is proportional to the cube of wind speed.4 Average annual wind speeds of 6.5m/s or greater at the height of 80m are generally considered commercially viable.New technologies are expanding the wind resources accessible for commercial projects.5 In 2023, wind energy generated 10% of U.S. electricity.6
Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. 2024. "Wind Energy Factsheet." Pub. No. CSS07-09.
1. Gustavson, M. (1979) "Limits to Wind Power Utilization." Science, 204(4388): 13-17.
2. U.S. DOE (2024) How Do Wind Turbines Works.https://
3. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) (2017) U.S. Wind Resource Map.https://
4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2010) Wind Power Fundamentals.%20Energy%20101.pdf
5. U.S. DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) (2020) "U.S. Average Annual Wind Speed at 80 Meters."https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/319
6. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2024) Monthly Energy Review May 2024.https://
7. U.S. DOE, LBNL (2023) Land-Based Wind Market Report.https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/land-based-wind-market-report-2023
8. U.S. DOE, NREL (2023) Offshore Wind Market Report.https://
9. NREL (2017) An Improved Global Wind Resource Estimate for Integrated Assessment Models.https://
10. U.S. EIA (2024) International Energy Statistics: Total Electricity Net Consumption.https://&p=0000002&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs000
11. U.S. DOE (2015) Wind Vision Report.
12. NREL (2023) Great Lakes Wind Energy Challenges and Opportunities Assessment.https://
13. U.S. DOE, Wind Energy Technologies Office (2023) "How a Wind Turbine Works - Text Version".https://energy.gov/eere/wind/inside-wind-turbine-0
14. U.S. DOE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) (2022) Land-Based Wind Market Report.https://
15. NREL (2014) Wind and Solar Energy Curtailment: Experience and Practices in the United States.https://
16. U.S. DOE, NREL (2015) "Transparent Cost Database: Capacity Factor" Open Energy Information.https://
17. International Renewable Energy Agency (2019) Future of Wind Executive Summary.https://irena /-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Sep/IRENA_offshore_wind_brief_G7_2018.pdf
18. NREL (2022) 2021 Cost of Wind Energy Review.https://
19. International Renewable Energy Agency (2018) Offshore Innovation Widens Renewable Energy Options.https://irena /-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Sep/IRENA_offshore_wind_brief_G7_2018.pdf
20. U.S. DOE, NREL (2016) 2016 Offshore Wind Energy Resource Assessment for the United States.https://
21. Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) (2024) Global Wind Report 2024.https://gwec /wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GWR-2024_digital-version_final-2.pdf
22. U.S. EIA (2024) Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory April 2024.https://
23. U.S. EIA (2024) Net generation from wind by state.https://
24. S&P Global (2024) North American solar, wind power prices continued ascent in 2023 – report.https://#:~:text=Solar%20power%20purchase%20agreement%20%28PPA%29%20prices%20on%20average,Inc.%2
25. U.S. DOE, Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL) (2024) Distributed Wind Market Report 2023 Edition.https://
26. ACP (2024) "Wind Power Facts.".https://cleanpower /facts/wind-power/
27. Hall, C., et al. (2013) EROI of different fuels and the implications for society. Energy Policy (64), 141-152.https://
28. U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center (2016) "Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Investigating the Causes and Consequences.".https://#qt-science_center_objects
29. U.S. DOE, EERE (2008) 20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy''s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply.https://
30 Cooperman, A., Eberle, A., & Lantz, E. (2021). Wind Turbine Blade Material in the United States: Quantities, Costs, and End-of-Life Options.https://pdf.sciencedirectassets /271808/1-s2.0-S0921344921X0002X/1-s2.0-S092134492100046X/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMb%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCICZEHXPQAIRvDumpJFWXXQTofzcWfFMvKf0EZ8691F6aAiARhm%2BurpRI1z
31. U.S. DOE (2023) Federal Solar Tax Credits for Businesses.https://
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