Delta's telecom power systems are designed for wireless broadband access, fixed-line applications, Internet backbone and datacenters. Our reliable, energy-efficient telecom power solutions protect against grid power interruptions and fluctuations and help operators reduce OPEX and their carbon foot Contact online >>
Delta''s telecom power systems are designed for wireless broadband access, fixed-line applications, Internet backbone and datacenters. Our reliable, energy-efficient telecom power solutions protect against grid power interruptions and fluctuations and help operators reduce OPEX and their carbon footprint. Delta''s rectifiers achieve energy efficiency of up to 98%.
The considerable problems deriving from the growth of energetic consumptions and from the relevant environmental “emergency” due to the emissions of greenhouse gases, push people to find out new solutions and new technologies for the production of primary energy fit for fulfilling the urging and growing energetic demands.
The global climate change, which is due to increased CO2 and other green house gases concentration levels in atmosphere, is considered one of the most important global emergency that requires immediate and effective policies (IPCC, 2007). The CO2 emissions are mostly due to the use of fossil fuels as energy source. Thus in the future the use of fossil fuels has to be decreased. This can be obtained by improving energy efficiency and by using large scale renewable energy sources.
This is also true in the telecommunication applications, which has seen, in the last years, a remarkable increase in the number of installations present on the whole territory - sometimes located in hardly reachable areas – and the relevant growth of energetic consumptions, because of growing interest about new and reliable services in mobility calls with an increase of the BTS operation hours and traffic management, in order to guarantee the quality of the service anywhere and anytime.
Therefore, the reduction of the energetic consumptions of a Telecommunications Power Systems represents one of the critical factors of the telecommunication’s technologies, both to allow a sizeable saving of economic resources to the mobile communications system management and to realize "sustainable" development actions. In other words improving the energy efficiency of telecom networks is not just a necessary contribution towards the fight against global warming, but with the rapidly rising prices of energy, it is becoming also a financial opportunity.
Therefore clear and defined approaches must be taken to optimize actions of energy savings. A telecom network is just like an eco-system: one cannot just apply any energy savings actions without looking at the impacts on the other system components (Roy, 2008). It has been proposed an “Energy Logic Method” which might be applied to both a wireless and a wired line network. This approach is based on a holistic method to energy savings and provides a complete roadmap of recommendations and quantifies their savings, reviewing also the different impacts.
Starting from these considerations the research project “Telecommunication power systems: energy saving, renewable sources and environmental monitoring” was launched by the Department of Environmental Sciences of the Second University of Naples (DSA-SUN) and the Institute for the Environmental Research (ISPRA), with the participation of the Italian suppliers of mobile telecommunications (H3G, Vodafone, Telecom and Wind) and their technological partners (Ericsson).
to obtain a rationalization of the consumptions of a BTS through the intervention on energy saving;
to produce, in the sites where the BTS are located, energy coming from renewable sources - aiming to reduce the emissions of polluting agents in the atmosphere;
to implement intelligent monitoring systems for the energy consumptions and the relevant impacts on the environment.
It has been evaluated, from a technical and economical point of view, the feasibility of some solutions, including:
Energetic auditing for a radio-telecommunication station in different operational contexts (urban and rural areas, different periods in the year, different working load, etc.);
Interventions of efficiency and energy saving such as reduction of transmission apparatus consumptions, optimization of air conditioning consumptions, efficiency in the temperature control system;
Evaluation and development of interventions and technical solutions based on the production of a part of the energy used by radio-telecommunication apparatus, through the use of photovoltaic cells on the infrastructures themselves;
Analyses of possible uses of other renewable sources (e.g. wind micro turbines) generating energy usable for telecommunication power systems located in areas not reached by the electricity network;
Analyses of the social and environmental advantages in the introduction of technologies based on renewable sources for covering a part of the energy requirements of radio-telecommunication installations;
Simulation studies useful to estimate the amount of energy that can be saved using a software system that helps to use the BTS-GSM transmission power in a more efficient way according to the telecommunication traffic features.
Environmental monitoring of the sites where prototypal solutions has been installed, aimed to compare the conditions before and after the intervention.
the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), that take care of switching and interface to fixed network;
Radio Base Station (RBS), which take care of the frequency interface between network and mobile terminals;
Mobile terminals, which is the subscriber’s part, normally limited to the handheld device.
It is estimated that over 90% of the wireless network energy consumption is part of the operator’s operating expenses (Scheck, 2008).
The key elements are the radio base stations because of the number of base stations is relative high with relative high energy consumption. On the other hand as the number of core network elements is low, the total energy consumption due to core network is relative low. Finally the energy consumption of mobile terminals is very low due to the mobile nature.
With these premises the ways to decrease energy consumptions of cellular network and thus to reduce cost and CO2 emissions are:
Minimizing BTS energy consumption;
Use of renewable energy sources.
Moreover could also be considered a minimization of number of BTS sites in order to reduce energy consumption: in this case the network design play an important role to implement a telecom network with correct capacity and minimum number of sites at optimum locations.
The model used in this paper for a a typical Radio Base Station is shown in figure 1. It is the same model analyzed and presented in the literature (Roy,2008; White Paper Ericsson 2007; Lubritto, 2008). Analysing the proposed scheme it result that the system takes 10.3 kW of electricity to produce only 120 watts of transmitted radio signals and to process the incoming signals from the subscriber cell phones, with a total efficiency (output power/input power) of about 1.2%.
RBS Block Diagram.
In figure 2 is shown the energy allocation per function within the RBS (Roy, 2008). More than 60% of the power is consumed by the radio equipment and amplifiers, 11% is consumed by the DC power system and 25% by the cooling equipment, an air conditioning unit, typical of many such sites. The Radio Equipment and the Cooling are the two major sections where the highest energy savings potential resides.
Percent BTS Energy per function.
In the framework of the energy saving, it is very important to consider a cascade effect that represents in aggregate a benefit of 28 times: for example, saving 1W in the feeder cables saves 17.3 watts of modulation and amplification losses, 3.3W of rectification losses and 7.1W of associated cooling energy (Roy, 2008).
1. Remote Radio Units: consists in moving the RF converters and power amplifiers from the base of the station to the top of the tower close to the antenna and connecting them via fiber cables. This strategy offers the higher potential energy savings: most radio manufacturers now offer this topology.
About Telecommunications power systems
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