A collaborative project between BrightSource Energy, General Electric (GE), and NOY Infrastructure & Energy Investment Fund aims to build the world's fifth largest solar thermal power station (the Megalim) in Israel's Negev desert. The centerpiece of the project will be the Ashalim tower, the world's tallest solar tower, which will soar 820 feet into the desert sky. Encircling the main tower will be 50,000 mirrors, called heliostats, to focus the sun's rays. The Israeli Ministry of Finance approved a 4 billion NIS funding agreement in July 2015 to move the Ashalim solar field project forward. The entire Megalim complex is expected to be operational by mid-2018.
Passive Solar Space Heating
Photovoltaic Rural Lighting
At the time of writing (1997) there is no manufacturing industry for photovoltaic (PV) cells in Israel. This fact, coupled with the still relatively high cost of PV cells, has resulted in a relative dearth of PV demonstration projects despite the ideal climatic conditions the country offers for this technology. One sector does exist, however, in which there has been a relatively high penetration of PV into the public perception and this is at rural bus stops. A number of private entrepreneurs import the relevant components and market (usually to local authorities) lighting units which comprise a PV panel, a storage battery, a low-power lamp and control electronics for protecting the battery. In this manner, solar power is used for lighting these bus stops during night hours.
INNOVATIVE SOLAR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
With the onset of the energy crisis of 1974 a number of innovative solar demonstration projects were undertaken by Israeli industry and the government. The two most prominent in the private sector were an electricity- generating solar pond at the Dead Sea and a solar industrial process heat system in the north-west Negev. In addition, the government established a large solar test- demonstration facility in the Negev.
Electric Power from Saline Solar Ponds
Industrial Process Steam from Parabolic- Trough Solar Collectors
The Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center (BGNSEC)
Solar research and development is being carried out at a number of universities and research institutes throughout the country.
The Negev Solar Radiation Survey was established by the Ministry of National Infrastructure in the 1980s in cooperation with Ben-Gurion University's BGNSEC and the Meteorological Service. The Survey documents solar radiation (and other pertinent meteorological parameters) from approximately 10 sites in the Negev, in order to identify appropriate locations for solar power stations of the future and provide a data base for their efficient design.
Photovoltaics, although having little if any industrial backing in Israel at present, does enjoy a modest degree of government support because this technology may form the basis of some of the power stations of the future. Innovative methods for producing silicon solar cells are being investigated at the Jerusalem College of Technology (high-efficiency, single crystal cells) and at Tel Aviv University (amorphous silicon thin layers). New thin-film materials are being investigated for potential PV use at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (C60), at the Technion Israel Institute of Technology (CdTe) and at the Weizmann Institute of Science (WSe2).
The Weizmann Institute tower should not, however, be confused with yet another tower concept that is under active development at the Technion. This idea involves pumping water to the top of a very high tower (1 km. or more) which would be located in a dry desert area. The water would evaporate and the down-draft created by falling, cooled, moist, air would then drive a special wind-turbine located within the tower. This, of course, is a secondary use of solar energy but one which, nevertheless, has intriguing possibilities.
Israeli firm Gigawatt Global, in coordination with Norfund and Scatec Solar, began a project to increase solar energy capacity in Rwanda during February 2014. With the help of these innovative companies the first major solar-power farm in East Africa was finished in July 2014, just a few months later. Construction of the plant provided jobs to 350 locals, and increased Rwanda's power generation capacity by a full six percent. During it's first year in operation the plant produced 15 million kilowatt hours, and brought power to over 15,000 underserved Rwandan residents. The power plant is monitored by professionals in Oslo, Norway.
At the United Nations Climate Change talks in Paris during November 2015, a delegation of Israeli scientists and technology leaders showcased green technology, focusing on solar energy, developed in Israel. Israeli technologies were pushed as solutions to the global climate crisis at the climate change talks, which gathered representatives from all 166 U.N. members to commit to keep global warming below an increase of two degrees Celsius over the next century.
The Israel Public Utilities Authority stated in October 2016 that their goal was to have 10% of Israel's electricity be supplied with solar power by the year 2020.
With unreliable power supplies that can unpredictably leave Gaza residents without electricity for hours on end, more and more Gazans are turning to solar energy to serve their needs. Solar panels have become much more affordable since their introduction, and now schools, banks, homes, shops, and mosques are powered by the sun. Gazans hope that solar energy will help make them energy-independent. All solar equipment going into Gaza is imported through checkpoints with Israel.
Sources: Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lidman, Melanie. "Reducing Global Warming: Israel Presenting Solar Energy Solutions At UN Climate Change Conference," No Camels (November 29, 2015) Smith, David. "How Africa's fastest solar power project is lighting up Rwanda," The Gaurdian, (November 23, 2015); al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Gazans Turn to Solar Energy Amid Frequent Power Blackouts," Haaretz (March 9, 2016); Udasin, Sharon. Financing completed on second Ashalim solar-thermal plant,
Jerusalem Post (July 19, 2015)
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