Республикæ Хуссар Ирыстон Кавказы тæккæ астæу, Европæ æмæ Азийы ''хсæн ис. Уый ахсы Стыр Кавказы хуссар фарс æмæ Карталийнаг тыгъдады цæгаттаг хай. Административон æгъдауæй дих кæны цыппар районыл: Цхинвалы район, Дзауы район, Ленингоры район æмæ Знауыры район. Хуссар Ирыстоны промышленон, культурон æмæ административон центр у йæ сæйраг сахар — сахар Цхинвал.
საქართველოს დამოუკიდებლობის გამოცხადების შემდეგ საბჭოთა კავშირის მხრივ დაიწყო პროვოკაციებისა და შანტაჟის კამპანია, რომლის კულმინაციაც გახდა გორბაჩევის მუქარა პრეზიდენტ ზ.გამსახურდიასადმი: „საქართველოს საბჭოთა კავშირიდან შეუძლია გავიდეს, მაგრამ სამხრეთ ოსეთისა და აფხაზეთის გარეშე"-ო.
Республика Южная Осетия (осет. Республикæ Хуссар Ирыстон; груз. სამხრეთი ოსეთი /самхрэти осэти/) — Независимость Южной Осетии признана Российской Федерацией (26 августа 2008),[1] Никарагуа (3 сентября 2008),[2] а также Абхазией и некоторыми непризнанными государствами.
This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day South Ossetia, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day South Ossetia.
South Ossetia is a partially recognized state located in an area which was formerly the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Situated in the South Caucasus, the state has an area of 3,900 km2 and the majority of its land sits more than 1,000 meters above sea level. Known officially as the Republic of South Ossetia, the state has an estimated population of 53,000 and its capital city is Tskhinvali. South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia in 1991, although Georgia does not acknowledge this claim.
The Ossetians originated from a tribe known as Alans, which was a Sarmatian Iranian tribe in the Northern Caucasus. They later migrated to Georgia in the 17th century. The Russian Empire expanded into the region in the 18th century. Most inhabitants of South Ossetia are Ossetians, a Caucasian people who speak the Ossetic language. Besides Ossetians, Georgians make up most of the remaining population. Christianity is the dominant religion, although there are smaller numbers of Muslim and neopagan followers. During the conflicts in 1991, more than 100,000 people were displaced and 1,000 died. According to Georgian officials, many ethnic Ossetians relocated to North Ossetia because of the war, and about 14,000 Georgians fled to other parts of Georgia.
The majority of Ossetians are subsistence farmers. In fact, about one-tenth of South Ossetian land is under cultivation. Crops grown include grains, fruits, and vines. Since the war in the 1990s, the region has struggled economically, and employment and supplies are scarce. At one point the country had to outsource electricity from North Ossetia because Georgia cut off its supply. Reports published in 2002 indicate that South Ossetia''s GDP was approximately US$15 million. The country is solely depended on Russia for economic assistance.
Conflicts between the Ossetians and the Georgian government began in 1918, shortly after the Russian Revolution. War broke out after three Georgian princes were killed by Ossetians. In the early 1920s, the Ossetians collaborated with Bolshevik forces to create the North Ossetia Autonomous Oblast and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast in Georgia. Then in the 1980s, the Ossetians formed a separatist movement to seek succession from Georgia. The movement also sought unification with North Ossetia. However, nationalism rose, and the Soviet Union sent troops to maintain the peace. In 1990, the Ossetians demanded an autonomous republic and declared South Ossetia a democratic republic. The Georgian government denied this declaration and war broke out in 1991.
The South Ossetia region later gained its independence from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Independence came during the 1991-1992 war when Georgia accepted a ceasefire. After the 2008 war, Russia, Venezuela, and Nauru recognized the independence of South Ossetia. However, Georgia does not acknowledge the independence of South Ossetia. As a result, South Ossetia does not correspond to any of the Georgian administrative areas. Georgia and some international organizations often refer to South Ossetia as a legally unidentified Tskhinvali region.
This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.
South Ossetia (/ɒˈsɛtjə/, less commonly /ɒˈsiːʃə/),[4] officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania,[5][6] or the Tskhinvali Region, is a de facto,[7] disputed territory recognised as part of Georgia in the Caucasus region.
Internationally regarded as a Russian occupied territory of Georgia, Georgia itself refuses to recognize rebel South Ossetia as an independent state; the government calls it by the medieval name of Samachablo or, more recently, Tskhinvali region (after the republic''s capital).
South Ossetia is a geographical state that borders North Ossetia-Alania to the north which is not an independent entity due to it being part of Russia.
South Ossetia relies heavily on Russian aid.[12][13][14]
Sometimes, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Abkhazia are named collectively as post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zones.[15][16]
South Ossetia is situated at central Caucasus, a border between Asia and Europe. It occupies a part of Greater Caucasus range and the foothills of Kartalin Valley.[17] South Ossetia is a very mountainous region.
The first round of voting was accompanied by a referendum in which the Ossetians were to decide whether Russian should become the second official language of South Ossetia. Nearly 85 per cent of the voters supported the referendum.
This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.
The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes.
As of 2024, only five members of the United Nations (UN) recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign state– Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria.[11] The Georgian government and all other UN member states regard South Ossetia as sovereign territory of Georgia.[12]
The political status of South Ossetia is a central issue of the Georgian–Ossetian conflict and Georgia–Russia relations. The Georgian constitution designates the area as "the former autonomous district of South Ossetia", in reference to the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast disbanded in 1990.[13] The Georgian government informally refers to the area as the Tskhinvali region[n 2] and considers it a part of Georgia''s Shida Kartli region. Lacking effective control over the territory, Georgia maintains an administrative body called the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia.
South Ossetia relies heavily on military, political, and financial aid from Russia.[21][22] Since 2008, the South Ossetian government has expressed their intention of joining the Russian Federation; if successful, this would end its proclaimed independence. The prospect of a referendum on this matter has been raised multiple times in domestic politics, but none has taken place.
The Ossetians are believed to originate from the Alans, a nomadic Iranian tribe.[23] In the 8th century a consolidated Alan kingdom, referred to in sources of the period as Alania, emerged in the northern Caucasus Mountains. Around 1239–1277 Alania fell to the Mongol and later to the Timur''s armies, who massacred much of the Alanian population. The survivors among the Alans retreated into the mountains of the central Caucasus and gradually started migration to the south, across the Caucasus Mountains into the Kingdom of Georgia.[24][26]
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