Through targeted interventions, VCCRP aims to enhance community resilience to … Contact online >>
Through targeted interventions, VCCRP aims to enhance community resilience to
The newly established Department of Climate Change (DOCC) is a mandated
The roles and responsibilities of climate change adaptation in Vanuatu are
Publication: Vanuatu Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policies 2016
The Non-Government Organizations (NGO''S), Civil Society Organizations
Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Vanuatu.
This page presents high-level information for Vanuatu''s climate zones and its seasonal cycle for mean temperature and precipitation for the latest climatology, 1991-2020. Climate zone classifications are derived from theKöppen-Geiger climate classification system, which divides climates into five main climate groups divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns. The five main groups areA(tropical),B(dry),C(temperate),D(continental), andE(polar). All climates except for those in theEgroup are assigned a seasonal precipitation sub-group (second letter). Climate classifications are identified by hovering your mouse over the legend. A narrative overview of Vanuatu''s country context and climate is provided following the visualizations.
The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation situated in the middle of Fiji, Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. The country consists of 83 individual islands, over which is spread a population of over 299,800 people (2019) which has been growing rapidly. Only 12 islands could be called significant in terms of their economy and population. The nation is culturally diverse, exemplified by its 138 distinct languages, although there are only three languages officially recognized (English, French, and Bislama). Since Vanuatu declared independence, in 1980, it has been a constitutional representative democracy.
The economy of Vanuatu, like surrounding island states, is based predominantly on the service sector (67% of GDP value added), followed by agriculture (22%) and industry (11%). However, there is significant local dependence on subsistence agriculture and issues of poverty and undernourishment are prevalent. The nation has extensive natural resources, including forests, uplands, corals, and atolls which provide habitats for unique biodiversity and supplement the livelihoods of the 80% of the population that reside in rural areas.
Vanuatu''s economy remains strongly oriented towards agriculture (particularly in rural areas). Food products constituted around 85% of exports in 2011. Simultaneously, Vanuatu has a food trade deficit and dependence on imports for food security equivalent to over $50 per capita in 2011 giving it high vulnerability to price shocks and disaster events. Key agricultural crops include coconuts, kava, and cocoa plants. About one third of cultivable land is currently being farmed, with most being used to produce coconuts. Copra, which is the kernel inside coconuts, accounted for 35% of Vanuatu''s exports in 2007, and coconuts are also used as a source of food, drink, animal feed, and as a construction material by the islands'' communities.
Disasters resulting from natural hazards are a significant contributor to issues of social deprivation and impede economic development in Vanuatu, costing on average an estimated 6% of GDP every year. The nation''s exposure to natural hazards, extensive low-lying coastal zone, development context, and precarious natural resource base mean it is amongst the most vulnerable nations to climate change in the world.
Vanuatu''s contribution to the Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission is very minimal of 0.0016% (according to GHG inventory report for TNC); this potentially shows that the national Input of GHG emission is minimal but adversely impacted and most vulnerable to the risks of climate change. However, several commitments that Vanuatu is taking forward as part of addressing Climate Change Mitigation under the National Determined Contribution Implementation Roadmap (NDC – IR) contributes towards addressing Climate Change Mitigation in Vanuatu. The following are the key Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Projects currently implemented by the Government in Vanuatu.
How does the changing climate affect Vanuatu, and how can different parts of society work together to meet the challenges? The film (VCAP) shows examples of work with climate change adaptation.
A changing climate makes us vulnerable now and in the future. In order to analyze the vulnerability of the society a description of climate change is needed. Below you can gather a basis for understanding the effects and the risks in Vanuatu posed by a changing climate.
Adaptation Technologies link in Vanuatu:
Adaptation Relevant Document link (Policies, Strategic Plans):
Somini Sengupta is The Times’s international climate correspondent. She has also covered the Middle East, West Africa and South Asia and is the author of the book, “The End of Karma: Hope and Fury Among India’s Young.” More about Somini Sengupta
Meriam Nemeriango, a teacher at Nuakwanapou Primary School in Vanuatu, stands in front of a World Bank supported school cyclone shelter. (C) Hamish Wyatt/World Bank
Over the course of 10 years of partnership, the World Bank has supported efforts by the government of Vanuatu to build the skills and institutions it needs to deal with the many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes it is prone to as well as the increasingly frequent and severe cyclones. This collaboration and institutional strengthening with one of the world''s most climate-vulnerable countries could serve as a model for other small island states as climate impacts worsen around the world.
The World Bank has been working in Vanuatu since the 1980s. Over the past decade, much of its work there has focused on disaster risk management, including building on the geohazard monitoring work that Dr. Esline Garaebiti began back in 1997.
Dr. Garaebiti, one of the first female geoscientists in the Pacific and a recipient of a Women''s International Network for Disaster Risk Reduction Leadership Award, is the Director General of Vanuatu''s Ministry of Climate Change. Born on a volcanic island, Esline discovered her passion for earth science as an undergraduate. In 1997, she joined a French organization implementing Vanuatu''s first geohazard monitoring. She then become the geohazards manager for the government of Vanuatu before assuming her current post, in 2020.
Tevi Obed is the World Bank''s Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist in Vanuatu. Like Director General Garaebiti, he was born in Vanuatu and has spent his life living through disasters and working to reduce their impact. His relationship working with government officials spans back to his school days, when he studied with many of the people who now hold government positions. "What I can offer to the partnership with the government is to be relevant, trusted, and strategic over the long term," he explains. "I will always be here."
Obed has worked with Director General Garaebiti to improve Vanuatu''s monitoring network. "The World Bank helped develop Vanuatu''s seismic monitoring network and link it to a national multi-hazard warning center.These stations around the country transmit real-time data to the national center, which killed Vanuatu analysts and forecasters interpret," he explained. As a result of these efforts, Vanuatu is now a leader in geohazard monitoring. It has helped establish a regional network within the Pacific to share data with other countries.
Seismologists in Vanuatu detect up to 100 earthquakes every day. In 2017, a huge eruption on Ambae Island was recorded, triggering the evacuation of 11,000 residents. "It was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions we have ever seen on that island," said Dr. Garaebiti. "It was the first eruption with recorded data."
In addition to the risk of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, Vanuatu is facing increasingly frequent and severe cyclones. In 2015, the most severe storm ever recorded in the South Pacific struck. "Our weather forecasters tracked Tropical Cyclone Pam every hour. Their desks flooded—but they moved everything to the other side of the partition and kept working, even though the cyclone was on top of them," she said.
In response to Tropical Cyclone Pam, the World Bank invested US$50 million in Vanuatu, building and repairing 50 kilometers of roads and reconstructing 42 schools and 26 buildings across 20 islands. These stronger, more climate-resilient schools have been used as community shelters in the subsequent cyclones Vanuatu has faced.
Students walk down a road in Roau, Vanuatu, that was reconstructed under a World Bank/Government of Vanuatu project ensuring students had better access to education following devastating tropical cyclones. (C) Hamish Wyatt/World Bank
The government is ambitious in meeting the challenges climate change presents. In 2012, it took the innovative step of combining climate change and disaster management into one joint committee, called the National Advisory Board for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change (NAB). The World Bank helped establish the NAB by building the capacity of staff and helping to create governance structures.
Director General Esline chairs the NAB. "The NAB makes my life easier," she says. "Climate change and disasters are everyone''s business. When we get the heads of all relevant departments together, we can be aware of all climate projects. It''s easy to allocate funding with one body overseeing everything. We don''t leave anyone behind with our funding."
Caroline Mailalong, a kindergarten teacher at Nuakwanapou Primary School stands in front of her class. Nuakwanapou Primary has benefitted from the World Bank''s support to the government to rebuild cyclone destroyed schools. (C) Hamish Wyatt/World Bank
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