"Making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century. It must be the top, top priority for everyone, everywhere." – António Guterres Contact online >>
"Making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century. It must be the top, top priority for everyone, everywhere." – António Guterres
International community action is essential to addressing climate change. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement brings together nations to promote and support ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to climate impacts, while providing enhanced support to developing countries to successfully implement these measures. Through the Paris Agreement, countries agree to reduce carbon emissions and transition to sustainable development trajectories with the aim of limiting global warming to well below 2°C, with a target of 1.5°C. This is to prevent the most dangerous impacts of climate change and to deliver a safe, healthy world to future generations.
The Kyrgyz Republic committed to combating climate change and accelerating the transition to climate-resilient, low-carbon sustainable modes of development, and has been party to the UNFCCC since 2000, and has ratified all relevant subsequent agreements, including the Paris Agreement. The country also submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in September 2015. This will be followed by submission of the 1st Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2021, outlining how the Kyrgyz Republic plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across its economic sectors.
The NDC revision process will collect relevant data and conduct stakeholder consultations to help update national circumstances, investment needs, review mitigation potential of certain economic sectors, and identify catalytic actions to raise mitigation ambition while also generating mitigation co-benefits and help achieve progress across relevant SDGs. 2021 will be an important year for the Kyrgyz Republic, and the world, for addressing climate change.
The science is clear: climate change is the biggest threat to the Earth and future generations. Every effort to tackle climate change - international and national, at a household and individual level – is important. Let us all contribute as we can to making peace with nature and to tackling climate change to protect the world for future generations.
Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Kyrgyz Republic.
This page presents high-level information for Kyrgyz Republic''s climate zones and its seasonal cycle for mean temperature and precipitation for the latest climatology, 1991-2020. Climate zone classifications are derived from theKöppen-Geiger climate classification system, which divides climates into five main climate groups divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns. The five main groups areA(tropical),B(dry),C(temperate),D(continental), andE(polar). All climates except for those in theEgroup are assigned a seasonal precipitation sub-group (second letter). Climate classifications are identified by hovering your mouse over the legend. A narrative overview of Kyrgyz Republic''s country context and climate is provided following the visualizations.
The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) is a landlocked country located in Central Asia between two major mountain systems, the Tien Shan and the Pamirs. The Kyrgyz Republic is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest, and China to the east. Approximately 94% of the country is above 1,000 meters (m) elevation, and 40% is above 3,000 m. Over 80% of the country is within the Tian Shan mountain chain and 4% is permanently under ice and snow. The Kyrgyz Republic had a population of 6 million in 2020. Most of this population live in the foothills of the mountains, and is centered around two urban conurbations, the capital Bishkek in the north, and between Osh and Jalal-Abad in the west.
The socio-economic context in the Kyrgyz Republic is complex. In terms of GDP per capita (PPP) the Kyrgyz Republic ranks among the poorest countries in the world. This position is reflected in the high national poverty rate of 25.4% but less so in the rate of undernourishment (6.4%) where the country performs comparatively better. A recent feature of Kyrgyz society has been the high rate of outmigration, with an estimated 0.5% of the population leaving the country every year between 2010–2015. Linked to this has been the rise in household reliance on remittances for income, with remittance income estimated to be equivalent to 28.5% of GDP in 2019.
This page presents Kyrgyz Republic''sclimate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data rmation should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a time series. Analysis is available for both annual andseasonal data. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit. Other historical climatologies can be selected from the Time Period dropdown list.
Observed, historical data is produced by theClimatic Research Unit (CRU)of University of East Anglia.Datais presented at a 0.5º x 0.5º (50km x 50km) resolution.
The Kyrgyz Republic is a small emitter of greenhouse gases. However, it is vulnerable to climate change because of its mountainous landscape with glaciers and a large agricultural sector. The Kyrgyz authorities have ambitious plans to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change, with consideration given to national priorities and the Sustainable Development Goals. Because of the Kyrgyz Republic''s small carbon footprint, the authorities'' main focus should be on adaptation policies to build resilience to climate change and reduce annual output losses from global warming. However, success of adaptation policies would hinge on the availability of sufficient financing, both from domestic and external sources.
The Kyrgyz Republic is a small emitter of greenhouse gases. However, it is vulnerable to climate change because of its mountainous landscape with glaciers and a large agricultural sector. The Kyrgyz authorities have ambitious plans to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change, with consideration given to national priorities and the Sustainable Development Goals. Because of the Kyrgyz Republic''s small carbon footprint, the authorities'' main focus should be on adaptation policies to build resilience to climate change and reduce annual output losses from global warming. However, success of adaptation policies would hinge on the availability of sufficient financing, both from domestic and external sources.
Temperature and Precipitation, 1991-2020
Mean Temperature Change and Frequency of Climate-Related Disasters
Mean-Temperature Projections
1995-2014 is a reference period. Projection data is presented as multi-model ensembles, which shows the range and distribution of the most plausible projected outcomes of change in the climate system for a selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP).
SSP1-1.9: The most optimistic scenario assumes that global CO2 emissions are cut to net zero around 2050. Societies switch to more sustainable practices, with focus shifting from economic growth to overall well-being. Investments in education and health go up. Inequality falls. Extreme weather is more common, but the world has dodged the worst impacts of climate change. This scenario meets the goal of keeping global warming to around 1.5 °C above preindustrial temperatures, with warming hitting 1.5°C but then dipping back down and stabilizing around 1.4°C by the end of the century.
SSP1-2.6: In the next-best scenario, global CO2 emissions are cut severely, but not as fast, reaching net-zero after 2050. It imagines the same socioeconomic shifts towards sustainability as SSP1-1.9. But temperatures stabilize around 1.8°C higher by the end of the century.
SSP2-4.5: This is a "middle of the road" scenario. CO2 emissions hover around current levels before starting to fall mid-century, but do not reach net-zero by 2100. Socioeconomic factors follow their historic trends, with no notable shifts. Progress toward sustainability is slow, with development and income growing unevenly. In this scenario, temperatures rise 2.7°C by the end of the century.
SSP3-7.0: On this path, emissions and temperatures rise steadily and CO2 emissions roughly double from current levels by 2100. Countries become more competitive with one another, shifting toward national security, and ensuring their own food supplies. By the end of the century, average temperatures have risen by 3.6°C.
SSP5-8.5: Current CO2 emissions levels roughly double by 2050. The global economy grows quickly, but this growth is fueled by exploiting fossil fuels and energy-intensive lifestyles. By 2100, the average global temperature is a scorching 4.4°C higher.
Source: World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
3. Climate change can result in direct human and material damages and have an adverse impact on growth. Duenwald and others (2022) analyze the growth impacts of higher temperatures, more erratic precipitation, and intensified disasters, and find that countries with low average annual temperatures of up to 19°C (such as the Kyrgyz Republic) can benefit from higher temperature. A 1°C increase in temperature is associated with higher per-capita GDP growth in CCA countries for about three years. However, abnormally large temperature deviations within one year can reduce GDP per capita (irrespective of the initial temperature level), and more so with larger deviations.
4. Weather shocks can affect some productive sectors more than others, resulting in a change of output composition with ripple effects on sectoral employment. Temperature increases above annual averages have reduced unemployment in CCA countries. However, higher precipitation has increased youth unemployment for both males and females as the young tend to have lower job security and weaker skillsets. Temperature increases have weighed negatively and persistently on agricultural employment, but have increased employment in the service sector (and the discernible effect on industry), which suggests that climate change amplifies the shift of labor from agriculture to services.
CCA: Key Macroeconomic Impacts of the Region''s Main Climate Stressors, 1970-2020
5. Climate disasters weaken short-term economic performance in the CCA, with some effects persisting through the medium term. In disaster years, real per capita growth declines by 1.7 percentage points on average and recovers slowly over the medium term, resulting in a permanent output loss of almost 51/2 percentage points of GDP. Public debt surges by 2½ percent of GDP mainly reflecting an immediate budget and growth deterioration, and the current account deficit widens gradually by about 4 percentage points of GDP in the medium term.
6. Agriculture is most susceptible to climate change in the Kyrgyz Republic. Despite its declining share in total GDP, agriculture remains important for the livelihoods of rural population, which constitutes 65 percent of total population in the Kyrgyz Republic. Over the last decade, it contributed more than 14 percent to the country''s annual output and employed more than 25 percent of the economically active population on average6. Leading agricultural products include grain and forage crops (80 percent of cultivated area), meat and dairy. Agricultural products comprised about 8 percent of total exports in 2020. Climate change will impact both crops and livestock (USAID, 2018).
About Kyrgyzstan climate change
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