That means Costa Rica will have run on more than 98% clean energy over seven consecutive years, according to data from the National Center for Energy Control (CENCE).
“Once again, Costa Rica is positioned as an example before the world, using clean energy as the basis of the national electricity matrix,” said President Carlos Alvarado.
So far in 2021, 99.98% of Costa Rica''s electric power has come from renewable sources.
Costa Rica has generated 73.39% of its energy from hydropower, 13.84% from geothermal sources, 12.12% from wind and 0.63% from biomass and solar panels.
"Our electricity matrix is the result of more than 70 years of implementing sustainability and solidarity policies, which promote energy development along with the preservation and recovery of the environment," said Irene Cañas, president of the Electricity Institute (ICE).
These numbers do not include the fossil-fuel dependent transportation sector, whichis responsible for 66% of hydrocarbon consumption and 54% of carbon dioxide emissions in Costa Rica.
Costa Rica’s decarbonization strategy includes a plan to introduce a modern transportation system in San José that will promote walking and biking, and feature fully electric trains by 2050.
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Costa Rica almost exclusively produces renewable electricity. In 2023, hydro was the most used source for electricity production in the country, accounting for almost 70 percent of total generation. Wind turbines followed at 12 percent.
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Since 2014, Costa Rica has been generating more than 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, but has yet to turn fully to renewables in other sectors such as transportation.[1] In 2020, renewables accounted for more than 99% of the country''s electrical generation, with hydro, wind, and geothermal being the three key sources.[1][2]
The energy plan for 2018-2034 emphasizes favoring renewable sources, lowering dependence on fossil fuels, energy security, limiting imports, diversifying energy sources, environmental sustainability, and lowering energy costs for Costa Ricans.[3]
Costa Rica was the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to adopt a coordinated plan to achieve a zero-emission economy by 2050.[4] As of 2019 more than half of greenhouse gas emissions came from the transportation sector.[5] Costa Rica is creating policy based on the National Decarbonization Plan 2018-2050.[6]
MINAE (Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía) is the national body responsible for the conservation and sustainable development of energy and natural resources in Costa Rica.[7]
SETENA (Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental) handles permitting, including environmental impact evaluations.[8]
Costa Rica''s numerous laws regulating the environment are almost all enforced by MINAE.[9]
ICE (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad) is Costa Rica''s state-run electricity and telecommunications provider. CNFL (Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz S.A.) is responsible for distribution and commercialization of electrical energy in the main metropolitan center of the country.[10]
RECOPE (Refinadora Costarricense de Petróleo) manages the importation, storage, and distribution of petroleum in Costa Rica.[11]
The green energy sector has created approximately 3,000 jobs in Costa Rica in areas such as biofuels, solar energy, and bus reconversion.[12]
As of 2020 Costa Rica''s installed electrical capacity was 3537 MW, with renewables accounting for nearly 87% and fossil fuels making up the remainder.[2] ICE owned nearly 70% of the market installed capacity as of 2019.[6]
Electricity in Costa Rica is produced almost entirely from renewable sources.[2][13] As of 2020, the leading sources of energy generation were hydro (71.91%), geothermal (14.64%) and wind (12.65%), with solar, bagasse biomass and non-renewable fossil sources contributing less than 1% each.[2][13]
Costa Rican access to electricity is universal and the country is able to meet demand through renewable resources.[14]
During 2018, 10.16 TWh of electricity was consumed in Costa Rica.[15] Costa Rica produces enough electricity to cover 110% of its annual consumption needs.[16]
Costa Rica produces no coal.[17]
Costa Rica does not use coal for electricity production.[18] In 2016, Costa Rica consumed 110 short tons of coal- approximately 22 cubic feet of coal per capita - ranking 127th in the world.[17]
Costa Rica imports all of the coal it uses, much of it from the United States.[19]
Oil and gas exploration policies have been under threat of ban since 2002, with activists pushing for the ban to continue until 2050.[20] In December 2020, Costa Rica joined Denmark in taking the first steps to establishing an official end date on fossil fuel production.[21] Groups such as ADELA (Acción de Lucha Anti-Petrola) actively oppose offshore oil exploration.
Costa Rica is the only Latin American member of the Beyond Oil & Gas Alliance (BOGA).[22]
Due to the small population and economy which is not focused on manufacturing, Costa Rica does not burn much oil or gas; the majority that is consumed is by the transportation sector.[23] Fuel theft from the Recope Pipeline has been a concern for Costa Rican officials, with 279 oil theft incidents in 2019.[24]
Costa Rica imported 20 million barrels of refined oil and gas products during 2018.[20]
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